Table 1.

Summary of Intervention Models.

Model	Purpose	Intervention	Findings	Limitations
NICHE65–69	To improve outcomes for the elderly	Providing nurses with resources and guidance to improve care of hospitalized older adults	Enhanced knowledge and improved attitudes of nurses regarding incontinence, and reduced use of physical restraints	Mediated intervention with no guarantee of permanent change
ACE70–74	To provide holistic care for the elderly	Specially designed environment Patient-centered care Planned discharge by a multidisciplinary team Review of medical care	Lower risk of being discharged to nursing homes Less need for medical devices Lower incidence of depression Reported increased satisfaction with ACE unit as compared with standard care	Specialized ACE units more costly than regular units Need for resource allocation and specialized staff
HELP75–77	To retain physical and cognitive function; maximize independence at discharge; assist with hospital-to-home transition; and prevent unplanned readmissions	Daily volunteer visits Treatment by an interdisciplinary geriatric team	Reduced incidences of delirium, falls, and cognitive decline Cost-effective for many hospitals	Limited availability within only the dedicated department
FFC78,79	To assist nurses in teaching patients to help themselves in activities	Providing nurses with resources and guidance to support patient independence and physical activity	Nursing care that supports patient independence and physical activity may decrease functional deterioration	Requires further empirical testing of feasibility and potential outcomes
CGA80–84	To provide extensive geriatric evaluation	Personalized evaluation	Six and eight months after admission: lower mortality rate for patients assisted by this approach than for those not participating	Found no significant effects on physical function, re-hospitalization, or length of hospitalization
Rambam Combined Model	To improve treatment and outcomes for the elderly	Comprehensive geriatric evaluation Daily volunteer visits Providing nurses with guidance to improve care of hospitalized older adults	Data still being analyzed	Data still being analyzed