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. 2015 Apr 30;15:66. doi: 10.1186/s12871-015-0049-1

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© Liu et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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The I_Ca-L current-voltage relationship in the absence of bupivacaine, with bupivacaine 100 μmol/L alone, and bupivacaine 100 μmol/L in combination with epinephrine 0.15 μg/ml. Bupivacaine 100 μmol/L present in the perfusate contributed to an upper shift of the current density - voltage curve without changing the activation potential and the curve shape. However, bupivacaine 100 μmol/L in combination with epinephrine 0.15 μg/ml increased the I_Ca-L current and moved the curve of I_Ca-L downward.