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. 2015 Apr 30;15:66. doi: 10.1186/s12871-015-0049-1

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© Liu et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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The I_to current-voltage relationship in the absence of bupivacaine, with 100 μmol/L bupivacaine alone, and 100 μmol/L bupivacaine in combination with epinephrine 0.15 μg/ml. Bupivacaine 100 μmol/L without epinephrine decreased I_to. On the other hand, I_to increased in response to the bupivacaine 100 μmol/L in combination with epinephrine 0.15 μg/ml.