(A, B, C) expression of NT-3 in control, ES, and AFS group (D, E, F) expression of BDNF in control, ES, and AFS group (G, H, I) expression of CNTF in control, ES, and AFS group (J, K, L) expression of GDNF in control, ES, and AFS group (M) Quantitative analysis of neurotrophic factors in different treatment group.(N) The representative of western blot analysis in different treatment related to expression of various neurotrophic factors Intersects in each microphotography (yellow) showed the magnification of co-location of neurotrophic factors (red) with S-100 (green) Upper Bar length = 100 μm, N = 6 for each group; Control, ES, and AFS: see text, *p<0.05 and ** p<0.001indicated a significant difference as compared to the control group; # indicated p<0.05 as compared to the ES group.