Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 43,249 EPICOR participants by coffee consumption.
| <1 cup/day | 1–2 cups/day | >2–4 cups/day | >4 cups/day | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants (N) | 4073 | 10179 | 19612 | 9385 |
| BMI <25 (%) | 52.1 | 46.1 | 44.6 | 41.1 |
| Education >8 years (%) | 44.8 | 50.4 | 49.1 | 49.0 |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 10.8 (16.9) | 12.9 (16.9) | 12.9 (16.3) | 11.4 (15.9) |
| Hypertension, yes (%) | 38.1 | 42.7 | 39.0 | 33.9 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.5 (18.4) | 130.9 (18.5) | 129.5 (18.0) | 127.4 (17.6) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.6 (9.9) | 82.4 (10.2) | 81.8 (10.1) | 81.0 (10.0) |
| Smoking, yes (%) | 15.6 | 19.2 | 27.5 | 41.9 |
| Diabetes, treated* (%) | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Hyperlipidemia, treated * (%) | 3.1 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.3 |
| Non-alcohol energy (kcal/day) | 2111.6 (656.7) | 2121.5 (633.0) | 2234.6 (643.9) | 2419.0 (699.7) |
| Age (years) | 50.3 (8.1) | 51.0 (7.9) | 50.3 (7.7) | 48.8 (7.4) |
| Waist (cm) | 82.9 (12.0) | 84.3 (11.9) | 84.2 (11.7) | 84.5 (12.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 (4.1) | 25.9 (4.2) | 26.0 (4.0) | 26.3 (4.1) |
| Inactive (%) | 28.3 | 33.1 | 28.4 | 27.3 |
| Saturated fat (g/day) | 28.3 (11.2) | 28.6 (10.8) | 30.9 (11.1) | 34.5 (12.4) |
| Tea (ml/day) | 86.0 (137.2) | 46.7 (88.5) | 34.2 (69.1) | 30.3 (70.1) |
| Fruit and vegetables (g/day) | 547.0 (278.2) | 536.2 (255.9) | 540.4 (247.8) | 559.7 (264.3) |
Values are means with standard deviations in parentheses, unless otherwise indicated. All variables differ significantly (P <0.001) between categories of coffee consumption except diabetes.
* Self-reported on lifestyle questionnaire.