Table 1.

Social jetlag is associated with metabolic measures: BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, obesity and metabolic syndrome

Predictor variable	BMI		Fat mass		Waist circumference		Obesity		Metabolic syndrome
	β (s.e.)	P-value	β (s.e.)	P-value	β (s.e.)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Sex	0.07 (0.4)	0.056	−0.27 (0.8)	0.000	0.39 (8.4)	0.000	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	0.806	2.1 (1.4–3.2)	0.000
Chronotype	−0.06 (0.2)	0.166	−0.03 (0.4)	0.528	−0.04 (4.3)	0.289	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	0.353	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	0.121
Sleep duration	−0.04 (0.2)	0.333	−0.02 (0.4)	0.432	−0.05 (4.3)	0.123	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	0.192	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	0.679
Social jetlag	0.10 (0.2)	0.012	0.08 (0.5)	0.031	0.07 (5.1)	0.052	1.2 (1.0–1.5)	0.045	1.3 (1.0–1.6)	0.031

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio. We used linear regression models to test associations with continuous outcome measures of BMI, fat mass and waist circumference. The table shows the standardized coefficient (β), s.e. and P-value associated with each predictor variable. We used logistic regressions to test associations with binary outcome measures of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The odds ratio for chronotype, sleep duration and social jetlag reflect the effect of a one-unit (s.d.) increase in the predictor variables. Significant P-values (P < 0.05) are shown in bold. Sex was coded as: female = 1, male = 2.