Table 4.
Factors associated with frequency of physical abuse in univariate and multivariate logistic regression (n=1974)
| Demographic Characteristics | Frequency of Physical Abuse | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Regression Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| <=5 times in the last 3 months (n=686) | >5 times in the last 3 months (n=1288) | Odds ratio | p-value | Odds Ratio | 95% CI (LL, UL) | |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–25 | 212 (30.9) | 361 (28.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 26–35a | 316 (46.1) | 596 (46.3) | 1.11 | 0.357 | 1.32 | (1.04–1.68) |
| 35–42 | 123 (17.9) | 235 (18.3) | 1.12 | 0.414 | 1.35 | (0.99–1.83) |
| 43 and oldera | 35 (5.1) | 96 (7.5) | 1.61 | 0.03 | 2.29 | (1.44–3.63) |
| Religion | ||||||
| Hindu | 555 (81) | 1104 (86) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Muslim | 12 (2) | 32 (3) | 1.34 | 0.392 | 1.22 | (0.61–2.46) |
| Christiana | 118 (17.2) | 151 (12) | 0.64 | <0.001 | 0.63 | (0.48–0.84) |
| Married for | ||||||
| 0–10 years | 312 (45.6) | 554 (43.1) | 1.0 | |||
| >= 11 years | 373 (54.5) | 733 (57.0) | 1.10 | 0.287 | ||
| Number of children | ||||||
| 0–2 | 391 (57.3) | 731 (56.9) | 1.0 | |||
| >=3 | 291 (42.7) | 553 (43.1) | 1.02 | 0.865 | ||
| Type of family | ||||||
| Nuclear | 602 (88) | 1079 (84) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Jointa | 83 (12) | 209 (15) | 1.4 | 0.015 | 1.94 | (1.42–2.64) |
| Number of spouse’s family members in house (only for those with a joint family)b | ||||||
| 1–3 | 3 (4) | 40 (19) | 1.0 | |||
| 4+ | 80 (96) | 169 (81) | 0.16 | <0.001 | ||
| Family Income | ||||||
| INR 1001–2000 | 595 (87) | 1171 (91.1) | 1 | |||
| INR >2000 | 89 (13) | 114 (8.9) | 0.66 | 0.004 | ||
| Woman’s education level | ||||||
| Illiterate | 264 (38.5) | 407 (31.6) | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| Elementarya | 160 (23.3) | 391 (30.4) | 1.59 | <0.001 | 1.42 | (1.10–1.84) |
| Middle Schoola | 184 (26.8) | 376 (29.2) | 1.33 | 0.019 | 1.31 | (1.01–1.7) |
|
| ||||||
| Higher Secondary or Graduate | 78 (11.4) | 114 (8.9) | 0.95 | 0.749 | 1.10 | (0.76–1.58) |
| Spouse’s education level | ||||||
| Illiterate | 214 (31.3) | 294 (22.8) | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| Elementarya | 148 (21.6) | 346 (26.9) | 1.70 | <0.001 | 1.61 | (1.22–2.12) |
| Middle Schoola | 168 (24.6) | 459 (35.6) | 1.99 | <0.001 | 1.91 | (1.46–2.49) |
| Higher Secondary and Graduate | 154 (22.5) | 189 (14.7) | 0.89 | 0.423 | 0.91 | (0.67–1.23) |
| Residence | ||||||
| Owned | 468 (68.2) | 787 (61.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Renteda | 218 (31.8) | 501 (38.9) | 1.37 | 0.002 | 1.57 | (1.26–1.95) |
| Number of rooms in home | ||||||
| 1 | 586 (85.4) | 1235 (95.9) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 2 or morea | 100 (14.6) | 53 (4.1) | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.24 | (0.17–0.35) |
| Bathroom in house shared with people outside the family | ||||||
| Yes | 130 (19.01) | 131 (10.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Noa | 554 (81) | 1150 (89.8) | 2.1 | <0.001 | 2.27 | (1.71–3.00) |
| How do you rate your family life?b | ||||||
| Very cordial | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Cordial | 7 (1.02) | 6 (0.47) | 1 | --- | --- | |
| Somewhat cordial | 552 (80.5) | 826 (64.2) | 1.75 | 0.319 | --- | --- |
| Unhappy | 102 (14.9) | 293 (22.8) | 3.35 | 0.033 | --- | --- |
| Miserable | 13 (1.9) | 37 (2.9) | 3.32 | 0.062 | --- | --- |
| Violent | 12 (1.75) | 125 (9.71) | 12.2 | <0.001 | --- | --- |
a
Statistically significant associations after multivariate logistic regression analysis
b
Not included in multivariate regression analysis