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. 2015 May 5;108(9):2258–2269. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.03.053

Figure 3.

Figure 3

(A) Force versus SNARE end separation for the vesicle-membrane system for different numbers of SNAREs for the hydration repulsion case. (B) The force during separation of the ends of the SNARE bundle using λ of 0.30 for the CG model of SNARE along with snapshots of the SNARE bundle at the corresponding C-terminal end separation. The end separation is defined as the distance between the Syb and Syx C-terminal beads Syb89 and Syx256. Syb, Syx, the ionic layer residues (beads), and the C-terminal residues (beads with arrows) that are attached to pulling beads are shown in each SNARE snapshot. (Arrows) Direction along which the C-terminal beads are being pulled. (C) The force as a function of Syb-Syx C-terminal distance (between Syb89 and Syx256) is shown for the vesicle-membrane (the exponentially decreasing curves) and SNARE. One (solid line), two (dash line), and three (dash-dot line) SNAREs are shown in this plot. Intersections between the vesicle-membrane and SNARE force-displacement responses represent equilibrium states. There are a number of instabilities represented by load-drops. These correspond to separation of individual layers, and have been so-labeled. To see this figure in color, go online.