Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of knowledge tool group and control group
| Variables | Subcategories (If applicable) | Knowledge tool group (n = 131) N (%)*, unless otherwise indicated | Control group (n = 310) [ 9 ] † N (%)*, unless otherwise indicated | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age | Mean (±SD), years | 30.1 (5.5) | 29.5 (5.7) | 0.365 |
| Gestational age at enrolment | Mean (±SD), years | 17.2 (5.5) | 30.9 (7.5) | <0.001‡ |
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | 96 (75.6) | 229 (74.1) | 0.747 |
| Marital status | Married | 95 (74.8) | 203 (65.5) | 0.156 |
| Common-law | 17 (13.4) | 53 (17.1) | ||
| Other | 15 (11.8) | 54 (17.4) | ||
| Education | Secondary or less | 19 (14.7) | 72 (23.5) | 0.039‡ |
| Any post-secondary | 110 (85.3) | 234 (76.5) | ||
| Income | Low (< $20,000) | 19 (15.7) | 52 (19.8) | 0.115 |
| Middle ($20,000 to $80,000) | 40 (33.1) | 106 (40.3) | ||
| High (> $80 000) | 62 (51.2) | 105 (39.9) | ||
| Current smoker | 14 (10.8) | 32 (10.4) | 0.897 | |
| Chronic health conditions § | 39 (29.8) | 56 (19.1) | 0.015‡ | |
| Pregnancy history | First time giving birth | 62 (47.7) | 132 (44.7) | 0.437 |
| One previous birth | 50 (38.5) | 107 (36.3) | ||
| Two or more previous births | 18 (13.9) | 56 (19.0) | ||
| Prepregnancy BMI | Mean (±SD), kg/m2 | 24.7 (5.7) | 25.1 (6.7) | 0.492 |
| Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) | 11 (8.5) | 20 (6.8) | 0.789 | |
| Normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) | 67 (51.4) | 164 (56.2) | ||
| Overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) | 33 (25.4) | 65 (22.3) | ||
| Obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) | 19 (14.6) | 43 (14.7) |
Abbreviations: BMI Body Mass Index, IQR interquartile range, N/A not applicable, n sample size, SD standard deviation.
*Participants with missing values were discarded from percentage calculations. There may be discrepancies in percentage calculations in previously published data if missing values were not discarded.
†Reprinted from The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol 205, Sarah D. McDonald, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Valerie H. Taylor, Olha Lutsiv, Keyna Bracken, Catherine Good, Eileen Hutton, Wendy Sword, Despite 2009 guidelines, few women report being counseled correctly about weight gain during pregnancy, Pages No. 333.e1-333.e6, Copyright (2011), with permission from Elsevier.
‡Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
§Included depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders, digestive disorders, high blood pressure, diabetes, hypoglycemia, thyroid disorders, asthma, Reynaud’s phenomenon, arthritis, pituitary microadenoma, polycystic ovary syndrome, and eczema.