Table 2.
Univariate analysis of participant report of knowledge outcomes associated with knowledge tool group and control group
| Variables | Subcategories (If applicable) | Knowledge tool group (n = 131) N (%)*, unless otherwise indicated | Control group (n = 310) [ 9 ] † N (%)*, unless otherwise indicated | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reported receiving GWG counseling from HCP | To gain a specific amount or range‡ | 78 (60.5) | 90 (29.2) | <0.001§ |
| To gain within IOM guidelines | 32 (51.6) | 31 (48.4) | 0.722 | |
| Discussed GWG topics with HCP** | 108 (85.7) | 142 (47.2) | <0.001§ | |
| Believed that there were risks in gaining excess GWG | To themselves | 95 (79.2) | 50 (63.3) | 0.014§ |
| To their infants | 75 (63.6) | 42 (56.0) | 0.295 | |
| Believed that there were risks in gaining inadequate GWG | To themselves | 42 (34.4) | 17 (21.3) | 0.044§ |
| To their infants | 73 (62.4) | 28 (37.8) | 0.001§ | |
| Reported receiving counsel to consume an amount or range of additional calories each day by HCP | 31 (24.0) | 55 (17.9) | 0.139 | |
| Amount or range of additional calories recommended each day for those counseled to do so by HCP | 0-100 calories | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.7) | 0.007§ |
| 100-300 calories | 23 (76.7) | 23 (42.6) | ||
| 300-500 calories | 5 (16.7) | 6 (11.1) | ||
| >500 calories | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.7) | ||
| Could not recall how many calories | 2 (6.7) | 21 (38.9) | ||
| Reported receiving counsel to take vitamins by HCP | 12 (98.4) | 301 (97.7) | 0.628 | |
| Reported discussing nutrition/healthy eating with HCP †† | 77 (61.1) | 210 (69.1) | 0.110 | |
| Reported discussing appropriate weight gain with HCP †† | 82 (65.1) | 142 (47.2) | 0.001§ | |
| Reported discussing risks of gaining too much weight with HCP †† | 38 (30.4) | 79 (26.5) | 0.415 | |
| Reported discussing exercise with HCP †† | Discussed | 70 (55.6) | 162 (53.8) | 0.743 |
| Planned GWG | Below IOM guidelines | 43 (33.9) | 66 (24.3) | 0.124 |
| Within IOM guidelines | 43 (33.9) | 100 (36.8) | ||
| Above IOM guidelines | 41 (32.3) | 106 (39.0) | ||
| Difference between planned GWG and reported weight gain recommendation by HCP, kg ‡‡ | Mean of differences (SD) | 0.5 (4.5) | 0.9 (3.0) | 0.536 |
Abbreviations: BMI Body Mass Index, GWG gestational weight gain, HCP health care provider, IOM Institute of Medicine, IQR interquartile range, PDA personal digital assistant, SD standard deviation.
*Participants with missing values were discarded from percentage calculations. There may be discrepancies in percentage calculations in previously published data if missing values were not discarded.
†Reprinted from The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol 205, Sarah D. McDonald, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Valerie H. Taylor, Olha Lutsiv, Keyna Bracken, Catherine Good, Eileen Hutton, Wendy Sword, Despite 2009 guidelines, few women report being counseled correctly about weight gain during pregnancy, Pages No. 333.e1-333.e6, Copyright (2011), with permission from Elsevier.
‡The numerator was calculated by determining how many patients answered the question “Has your doctor, midwife, nurse practitioner or nurse made a recommendation about how much weight you should gain during pregnancy (total amount of weight)?” with either “Yes” or “I can’t remember”.
§Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
**The numerator value was calculated by counting the number of participants who responded that their health care provider discussed the following topics: nutrition/healthy eating, appropriate weight gain, risks of gaining too much weight, and exercise (the denominator is equivalent to the total number of participants who provided an answer to any of the topics mentioned).
††The responses to these questions are taken from the Enrolment Survey only. The questions were asked in the subsequent third trimester survey.
‡‡Calculated by woman's planned gestational weight gain subtracted by weight gain recommended by health care provider.