Table 1.
Socio-demographic, behavioural and biological data associated with Herpes Simplex Virus type −2 (HSV-2) in women that presented for screening
| HSV-2 at the screening: 2,218/3,472 (73%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population n = 3472 (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age groups | |||||
| <25 | 1430 (41%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 25-34 | 1275 (37%) | 2.37 (2.00,2.81) | <0.001 | 1.82 (1.49,2.22) | <0.001 |
| 35+ | 767 (22%) | 3.18 (2.55,3.95) | <0.001 | 3.49 (2.71,4.49) | <0.001 |
| Language spoken | |||||
| English/other | 191 (6%) | 1 | |||
| Zulu | 3281 (94%) | 5.47 (4.01,7.43) | <0.001 | - | |
| Level of education | |||||
| At least high school | 904 (26%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Less than high school | 2568 (74%) | 1.68 (1.43,1.98) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.03,1.53) | 0.021 |
| Religion | |||||
| Other | 325 (9% | 1 | |||
| Christian | 3147 (91%) | 1.72 (1.36,2.18) | <0.001 | - | |
| Age at sexual debut | |||||
| >16 years | 2073 (60%) | 1 | |||
| 16 years or younger | 1399 (40%) | 1.40 (1.19,1.63) | <0.001 | - | |
| Marital/cohabitation status | |||||
| Married/cohabitating | 528 (15%) | 1 | |||
| Not married/not cohabitating | 2944(85%) | 1.54 (1.25,1.89) | <0.001 | - | |
| Number of life time sexual partners | |||||
| 1 | 854 (25%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2 | 978 (28%) | 2.53 (2.10,3.10) | <0.001 | 1.89 (1.52,2.34) | <0.001 |
| 3 | 731 (21%) | 3.84 (3.10,4.82) | <0.001 | 2.30 (1.78,2.96) | <0.001 |
| 4 + | 906 (26%) | 5.43 (4.33,6.82) | <0.001 | 2.48 (1.92,3.20) | <0.001 |
| Condom used (ever) | |||||
| Yes | 2438 (71%) | 1 | |||
| No | 1034 (29%) | 1.03 (0.88,1.22) | 0.689 | - | |
| Parity | |||||
| None | 512 (15%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| >1 | 2960 (85%) | 2.31 (1.90,2.80) | <0.001 | 1.95 (1.54,2.48) | <0.001 |
| Contraceptive use (any) | |||||
| Yes | 2692 (78%) | 1 | |||
| No | 780 (22%) | 1.40 (1.26,1.68) | 0.001 | - | |
| HIV status at the screening | |||||
| seronegative | 2041 (59%) | 1 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| seropositive | 1431 (41%) | 7.38 (6.01,9.10) | <0.001 | 6.31 (5.06,7.88) | |
| Trichomonas vaginalis infection at the screening | |||||
| Negative | 3242 (94%) | 1 | |||
| Positive | 216 (6%) | 1.04 (0.76,1.43) | 0.786 | - | |
| Chlamydia trachomatis infection at the screening | |||||
| Negative | 3149 (91%) | 1 | |||
| Positive | 309 (9%) | 1.00 (0.77,1.30) | 0.999 | - | |
| Neisseria gonorrhoea infection at the screening | |||||
| Negative | 3375 (97%) | 1 | |||
| Positive | 97 (3%) | 2.28 (1.29,4.05) | 0.005 | - | |
| Genital signs and symptoms 1 | |||||
| Genital epithelial disruption | 1 | ||||
| No | 3403 (98%) | 1 | - | ||
| Yes | 69 (2%) | 1.48 (0.62,3.52) | 0.372 | ||
| Genital signs | |||||
| No | 2986 (86%) | 1 | - | ||
| Yes | 486 (14%) | 0.98 (0.69,1.39) | 0.895 | ||
| Genital discharge | 1 | ||||
| No | 2500 (72%) | 1 | - | ||
| Yes | 972 (28%) | 0.94 (0.72,1.22) | 0.628 | ||
| Genital ulcer | |||||
| No | 3264 (94%) | 1 | - | ||
| Yes | 208 (6%) | 3.16 (1.73,5.74) | <0.001 | ||
| Bacterial Vaginosis infection | |||||
| No | 3160 (91%) | 1 | - | ||
| Yes | 312 (9%) | 1.32 (0.89,1.96) | 0.162 | ||
*CI: Confidence Interval.
1In vulva, vaginal or cervical.