Table 2. Tools used in the study.

Authors	Direct instrumental assessment	Indirect instrumental assessment	Clinical evaluation
Araújo Netto & Cervantes, 2011	videonasoendoscopy	Not used	Auditory-perceptual assessmentl
Trindade et al., 2004	Not used	Not used	Auditory-perceptual assessment
Chanchareonsook et al., 2007	nasoendoscopy	nasometry	Auditory-perceptual assessment
Kao et al., 2008	nasoendoscopy	Not used	Auditory-perceptual assessment
Marsh, 2009	videonasoendoscopy	Not used	Auditory-perceptual assessment
Miguel et al., 2004	videonasoendoscopy	nasometry/PERCI-SARS	Auditory-perceptual assessment
Nagarajan et al., 2009	Videonasoendoscopy and	nasometry	Auditory-perceptual assessment
	videofluoroscopy
Penido et al., 2007	nasopharyngoscopy	Not used	Nasal air emission test
Qui Chen et al., 2011	lateral cephalogram of	Not used	Auditory-perceptual assessment
	nasopharyngography and
	nasopharyngeal fiberscope
Camargo et al, 2001	nasoendoscopy	Not used	Auditory-perceptual assessment
			focused on nasal air emission
Shprintzen e Marrinan, 2009	Nasopharyngoscopy and MRI	nasometry	Not used
Shyammohan et al, 2010	Not used	Not used	Auditory-perceptual assessment

Source: The authors.