Table 1.
Genes essencial for cell collectivity regulation during collective DFC migration.
| Loss/Gain of function | Gene | Protein | Adherens junction | Tight junction | Cell-ECM interaction | DFC clustering | KV structure | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DFC-KD | cadherin1 | Adhesion molecule | Weaken | n.d. | n.d. | Broken-up | Small/disrupted | Esguerra et al., 2007; Oteiza et al., 2010; Matsui et al., 2011 |
| Mutation, KD | ace/fgf8a | FGF ligand | Weaken (Reduced cdh1 expression) | n.d. | n.d. | Broken-up | Small/disrupted | Matsui et al., 2011 |
| DFC-KD; KD | canopy1 | FGF positive regulator | Weaken (Reduced cdh1 expression) | n.d. | n.d. | Broken-up | Small/disrupted | Matsui et al., 2011 |
| DFC-KD; KD | tbx16 | TF induced by FGF | Weaken (Reduced cdh1 expression) | Weaken (wide aPKC focal points) | n.d. | Broken-up | Small/disrupted | Amack et al., 2007; Matsui et al., 2011 |
| KD | ier2 | FGF mediator | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | Broken-up | Small/disrupted | Hong and Dawid, 2009 |
| KD | fibp1 | FGF mediator | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | Broken-up | Small/disrupted | Hong and Dawid, 2009 |
| KD | fgf2 | FGF ligand | n.d. | Normal | n.d. | Broken-up | Small | Arrington et al., 2013 |
| DFC-KD; KD | syndecan2 | Heparan sulfate proteoglycan | n.d. | Normal | n.d. | Broken-up | Small | Arrington et al., 2013 |
| OE | gna13a | Cadherin1 binding G protein | Weaken (Reduced cdh1 binding activity) | n.d. | n.d. | Broken-up | n.d. | Lin et al., 2009 |
| KD | prickle1a | nc-Wnt mediator | Weaken (Reduced adhesion forces) | Weaken (wide aPKC focal points) | n.d. | Failed compaction | Fragmented lumens | Oteiza et al., 2010 |
| DFC-KD; KD | lpar3 | LPA receptor | n.d. | Weaken (Reduced aPKC expression) | n.d. | Broken-up | Small/disrupted | Lai et al., 2012 |
| DFC-KD; KD | autotaxin | Lysophospholipase D | n.d. | Weaken (Reduced aPKC expression) | n.d. | Broken-up | Small/disrupted | Lai et al., 2012 |
| DFC-KD; KD | ttrap | Nodal antagonist | Weaken (Reduced cdh1 expression) | n.d. | n.d. | Spread | n.d. | Esguerra et al., 2007 |
| OE | smad3b | Nodal mediator | Weaken (Reduced cdh1 expression) | n.d. | n.d. | Broken-up | n.d. | Esguerra et al., 2007 |
| KD | wdr18 | WD-repeat protein | n.d. | Normal | Weaken | Broken-up | Small | Gao et al., 2011 |
| DFC-KD; KD | integrinα5, β1b | Adhesion molecule to ECM | n.d. | Normal | Weaken | Broken-up | Small | Ablooglu et al., 2010; Gao et al., 2011 |
| KD | lgl2 | A homolog of Tumor suppressor protein in Drosophila | Weaken (Reduced cdh1 accumulation at membrane) | Normal | n.d. | n.d. | Small | Tay et al., 2013 |
| DFC-KD; KD | cateninβ1, β2 | Wnt mediator | n.d. | Normal | n.d. | Small (Reduced proliferation) | Small | Zhang et al., 2012 |
| Inhibition | – | Ca2+ -ATPase | Weaken | n.d. | n.d. | Broken-up | Small/disrupted | Schneider et al., 2008 |
DFC-KD, DFC-specific knockdown; KD, knockdown; OE, overexpression; n.d., not determined.