Table 4.
Modeling of medication adherence
| Variables | Univariate analysis
|
Multiple logistic regression
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | 95% CI | Wald’s χ2 (df) | P-value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Wald’s χ2 (df) | P-value | |
| Age | 0.98 | 0.96–1.00 | 4.92 (1) | 0.027 | 1.05 | 1.02–1.08 | 10.0 (1) | 0.002 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1.78 | 1.05–3.02 | 4.54 (1) | 0.033 | ||||
| Female | 1.00 | |||||||
| Monthly income | ||||||||
| ≤ RM3,000 | 0.96 | 0.49–1.86 | 0.02 (1) | 0.897 | ||||
| > RM3,000 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Duration of treatment | 0.99 | 0.99–1.00 | 8.38 (1) | 0.004 | 0.99 | 0.99–1.00 | 5.01 (1) | 0.025 |
| Number of medications prescribed | 0.87 | 0.79–0.96 | 7.78 (1) | 0.005 | ||||
| Number of daily doses of medication | 0.92 | 0.87–0.97 | 7.98 (1) | 0.005 | ||||
| Group orientation | 0.89 | 0.69–1.14 | 0.93 (1) | 0.335 | ||||
| Higher authority | 1.30 | 0.83–2.04 | 1.27 (1) | 0.26 | ||||
| ORA | 1.13 | 0.97–1.31 | 2.49 (1) | 0.115 | 1.19 | 1.06–1.41 | 4.30 (1) | 0.011 |
| NORA | 0.88 | 0.78–0.99 | 4.45 (1) | 0.035 | ||||
| IR | 0.99 | 0.93–1.06 | 0.06 (1) | 0.811 | ||||
| MSPSS | 0.97 | 0.90–1.04 | 0.63 (1) | 0.427 | ||||
| Disease types: human immunodeficiency virus (Reference to: CKD) | – | – | 33.5 (2) | <0.05 | 9.08 | 3.25–25.34 | 17.7 (1) | <0.05 |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ORA, organizational religious activity; NORA, non-organizational religious activity; IR, intrinsic religiosity; MSPSS, multidimensional scale of perceived social support; CKD, chronic kidney disease.