Table 4.

Neuropsychological Results and Change After 4 Weeks and 24 Weeks of Active Subcallosal Cingulate Deep Brain Stimulation

	Mean (SD)
Variable	Baseline (n = 17)	4 wk (n = 16)	24 wk (n = 17)
Cambridge Gambling Task, normalized score
Quality of decision makinga	0.9 (0.1)	0.9 (0.1)	1.0 (0.1)
Deliberation time, s	3.0 (2.6)	2.5 (1.2)	2.2 (0.7)
Risk takingb	0.5 (0.2)	0.5 (0.1)	0.5 (0.1)
Risk adjustmentc	1.6 (0.8)	1.6 (1.1)	2.1 (1.2)d
Delay aversione	0.2 (0.2)	0.2 (0.2)	0.2 (0.2)
Overall proportion betf	0.5 (0.2)	0.5 (0.1)	0.5 (0.1)
Graded naming test, % correct	59.6 (9.5)	66.9 (9.1)g	65.7 (10.8)g
Intra-/Extra-Dimensional Shift
Total stages completed	8.1 (2.0)	8.8 (0.5)	8.9 (0.5)
Total errors, adjusted	37.4 (50.9)	17.7 (15.5)	16.1 (14.4)d
Stockings of Cambridge
Problems solved in minimal moves, No.	8.1 (2.2)	9.4 (2.0)d	9.2 (2.0)d
5-Move initial thinking, s	15.8 (13.2)	17.1 (16.5)	15.2 (14.5)
5-Move subsequent thinking, s	2.6 (3.1)	1.3 (1.3)	0.8 (1.1)g
Verbal Recognition Memory, total correct
Free recall	7.6 (2.4)	7.4 (2.2)	8.5 (2.2)
Recognition	22.6 (1.2)	22.9 (1.2)	23.2 (1.2)

^aHigher score indicates better decision making.

^bHigher score indicates greater risk taking.

^cHigher score indicates greater adjustment of bet based on risk.

^dP < .05 vs baseline.

^eHigher score indicates greater aversion to delay.

^fHigher score indicates larger average bet.

^gP < .01 vs baseline.