Table 1.

Target types, intervention strategies and related intervention examples

Target type	Intervention strategy	Description / example
INDIVIDUAL	HP → IND	Interventions aimed at changing children directly
		E.g., Offering workshops for students on how to eat healthyINSP
	HP → (IND—IND)	Interventions aimed at linking up children to perform activities together
		E.g., Finding a partner for sports at recess*
INTERPERSONAL	HP → INT → IND	Interventions aimed at changing children’s interpersonal environment (people who can influence the IND, e.g., friends, parents, siblings)
		E.g., Distributing booklets to parents on how to pack a healthy lunchINSP
	HP → (INT—INT) → IND	Interventions aimed at linking up families/small groups to actually participate in activities together
		E.g., Healthy cooking group that meets to learn and cook healthy recipes*
ORGANIZATIONAL	HP → ORG → IND	Interventions aimed at changing children’s organizational environment (school infrastructure and/or school personnel)
		E.g. Improving school premises to promote PAINSP
	HP → (ORG—ORG) → IND	Interventions aimed at linking organizations together
		E.g., Creating a partnership between two schools to buy sports equipment*
COMMUNITY	HP → COM → IND	Interventions aimed at changing the community environment (community infrastructure and/or community members)
		E.g. Improving parks to engage in PA after school*
	HP → (COM—COM) → IND	Interventions aimed at linking communities together
		E.g., Developing a partnership of two neighborhoods to clean the park to engage in PA*
POLICY	HP → POL → IND	Interventions aimed at influencing political representatives to legislate for the promotion of physical activity
		E.g. Lobbying activities for the development of policies for safer active transportation to school*
	HP → (POL—POL) →IND	Interventions aimed at creating alliances to promote more effective intergovernmental cooperation
		E.g., Brokering an alliance between federal and local authorities for the delivery of PE classes in schools*
MIXED	HP → POL → ORG → IND	Interventions aimed at changing children through multiple targets
		E.g. Creating a policy mandating all teachers to attend training to deliver physical activation sessions to studentsINSP

HP = Health Promotion Delivery Agent, IND = Individuals, INT = Interpersonal environment, ORG = Organizational environment, COM = Community environment, POL = Political environment, → = Direction of intervention activity transfer between the change agent and its intended target.

^INSPExamples drawn from the National Institute of Public Health (INSP) school-based obesity prevention program; *Examples drawn from [13].