Table 1.

Metabolite Concentrations from the ¹H NMR Analysis of a Pooled NAF Sample^a

metabolite	concentration (mM)
acetate	0.77
alanine	1.66
arabinitol	4.61
aspartic acid	1.20
carnitine	0.66
formate	0.98
glutamic acid	3.74
glutamine	1.55
glycerol	20.52
glycine	1.98
histidine	0.42
isoleucine	0.57
isopropyl alcohol	3.71
lactic acid	3.78
leucine	0.65
phenylalanine	0.20
pyroglutamic acid	0.92
serine	4.42
threonine	2.23
tryptophan	0.05
tyrosine	0.29
urocanate	0.000489
valine	0.000884
cis-aconitate	0.000179

^aThe concentrations have been adjusted to reflect actual metabolite concentrations in NAF before dilution with phosphate-buffered saline.