Table 1.

Definitions and statistical measures of suicidal behavior outcomes

Outcome	Definition	Measurement of variable	Statistics	Studies
Completed suicide	Death caused by self-inflicted injurious behavior intended to end one’s own life	International classification of diseases (eighth, ninth, or tenth revisions) using diagnostic codes (E950-E950: ICD8, ICD9) or (X60-X84: ICD10)	Cox proportional hazard model	[15-21,26-28,32]
			Linear regression
			Logistic regression
		In some studies, associations were also estimated with undetermined deaths (deaths where it was uncertain whether the cause was suicide; (E980-E989: ICD 8, ICD 10) or codes (Y10-Y34, ICD 10))
			Pearson correlation (ecological analysis)
			Spearman’s rank correlation (ecological analysis)
			Chi-square
			Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test
		Verified using mortality registries (for example, National Death Registry, National Death Index), by next of kin and/or using pathology and medical records.
			Incidence rate ratio
Attempted suicide	Potentially self-injurious behavior with a non-fatal outcome for which there is either explicit or implicit evidence that the person intended to kill him or herself [63].	Hospital Discharge Registries or Medical Records using aforementioned diagnostic codes for intentional injuries: (E950-E950: ICD8, ICD9) or (X60-X84: ICD10).	Cox proportional hazard model	[42-47]
				2012 to present: [29,34,48-51]
			Logistic regression
			Incidence rate ratio
		Self-reported using questionnaire (for example, Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire - Revised, AUDADIS, M-CIDI)
		Self-reported using single-question (e.g. “How often have you already tried to take your own life”)
Suicidal ideation	Having thoughts, plans, and/or impulses for suicidal behavior, including contemplation of attempting or completing suicide.	Self-reported using questionnaire (for example, Depressive Symptom Index - Suicidality Subscale, Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire - Revised).	Logistic regression Linear regression	[42,47]
				2012 to present: [48,50,52]