Table 2.
Food security status and receipt of services in the PMTCT cascade, Zimbabwe, 2012 a
| Service | Total (N = 8,790) | Household food security status b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food secure (n = 4,305) | Moderate food insecurity (n = 2,906) | Severe food insecurity (n = 1,578) | |||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Antenatal care (ANC) | |||||
| Any | 8,287 (94.2) | 4,091 (95.0) | 2,737 (94.3) | 1,450 (92.0)** | |
| ≥4 visits | 5,627 (64.5) | 2,801 (65.6) | 1,855 (64.3) | 971 (62.2) | |
| Gestational age (months) at booking (mean, SE) | 5.1 (0.06) | 5.1 (0.08) | 5.1 (0.06) | 5.0 (0.08) | |
| Tested for HIV infection in ANC or labor and delivery (L&D) or knew HIV-infected | 8,117 (92.4) | 4,043 (93.9) | 2,689 (92.5) | 1,385 (87.8)** | |
| Health facility delivery | 6,747 (76.8) | 3,469 (80.6) | 2,199 (75.7) | 1,079 (68.4)** | |
| Postnatal visit attendance | 8,109 (92.4) | 4,040 (93.9) | 2,647 (91.3) | 1,422 (90.1)** | |
| If HIV-infected (n = 1,075): | |||||
| Received ART or ARVs | 639 (59.5) | 242 (58.6) | 215 (60.2) | 182 (59.9) | |
| Infant prophylaxis | 673 (62.9) | 250 (61.1) | 227 (63.4) | 196 (64.7) | |
| Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis | 475 (44.2) | 184 (44.6) | 166 (46.5) | 124 (40.9) | |
| Exclusive breastfeeding (ever) | 959 (95.3) | 364 (95.9) | 314 (92.0) | 281 (98.3)** | |
| Infant infected | 93 (9.0) | 33 (8.2) | 22 (6.2) | 39 (13.3)** | |
| Received all key maternal health services c | 4,027 (45.8) | 2,121 (49.3) | 1,301 (44.8) | 605 (38.3)** | |
| HIV-infected women | 299 (27.8) | 111 (26.7) | 107 (30.0) | 82 (26.8) | |
| HIV-uninfected women | 3,727 (49.1) | 2,011 (52.8) | 1,194 (47.4) | 523 (41.5)** | |
SE: Linearized standard error.
Design-based chi-squared p-value: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
aWeighted counts and proportions presented in the table. Numbers may not sum to column totals due to missing data. Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.
bFood security determined from the responses to a subset of questions from the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) [30].
cCompleted at least 4 ANC visits, was tested for HIV infection or already knew HIV-positive serostatus, delivered infant in a health facility, and attended the postnatal visit. Among HIV-infected women, must also have reported maternal and infant ART or ARV prophylaxis and receipt of infant co-trimoxazole prophylaxis.