Table 1.

Results of the statistical analysis. (a) Results of the GLMM and of the Δ(AICc) analysis for each number of calls given by the subjects. (b) Results of the LMM and of the Δ(AICc) analysis for males' bout duration, groups' alert duration and for males' and groups' latency to give first call. Tables show χ²- and p-values from the first model (i.e. GLMM-1 or LMM-1) for each of the two fixed factors included in the model (i.e. origin of the ‘Krak’ stem and presence of an ‘oo’ suffix). Significant p-values (under 0.05) are in bold. Tables also show the AICc values of the second and third models and the absolute value of the subtraction between these two AICcs: |Δ(AICc)|. The lower AICc value, which corresponds to the main parameter explaining the results, is in bold.

		‘Krak’ stem		suffixation
(a) emitter	call type	χ²	p-value	χ²	p-value	AICc ‘stem’	AICc ‘suffix’	|Δ(AICc)|
males	alarm	2.87	>0.05	82.85	<0.0001	—	—	—
females	Alk + RAlk	219.09	<0.0001	312.25	<0.0001	1817.49	1718.86	98.63
	W + RW	71.53	<0.0001	167.03	<0.0001	1114.24	1008.95	105.29
	RA	50.87	<0.0001	66.61	<0.0001	614.80	596.98	17.82
	HLA	44.00	<0.0001	52.87	<0.0001	736.08	722.16	13.92

		‘Krak’ stem		suffixation
(b) emitter	variable	χ²	p-value	χ²	p-value	AICc ‘stem’	AICc ‘suffix’	|Δ(AICc)|
males	bout duration	0.028	>0.05	10.13	<0.01	—	—	—
	latency to call	1.86	>0.05	6.45	<0.05	—	—	—
females	‘alert’ duration	12.04	<0.001	21.32	<0.0001	549.84	543.26	6.58
	latency to call	3.32	>0.05	0.49	>0.05	—	—	—