Table 1.
Population characteristics grouped according to smoking status
| Variable | All participants (N = 5503) | Non-Smokers (±SD) (N = 5,005) | Smokers (±SD) (N = 498) | p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years) | 43.48 ± 9.53 | 43.45 ± 9.48 | 43.76 ± 9.98 | 0.453 |
| Male sex (%) | 78.79 | 78.69 | 79.83 | 0.526 |
| Mean waist circumference (cm) | 91.59 ± 12.02 | 91.51 ± 12.02 | 92.40 ± 12.04 | 0.089 |
| BMI (Kg/m 2 ) | 26.32 ± 3.99 | 26.30 ± 4.00 | 26.58 ± 3.72 | 0.100 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 20.09 | 19.54 | 25.91 | <0.001 |
| Mean Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.80 ± 1.40 | 5.80 ± 1.40 | 5.90 ± 1.38 | 0.171 |
| Mean HDL-c (mg/dL) | 48.27 ± 13.06 | 48.48 ± 13.09 | 46.20 ± 12.58 | <0.001 |
| Mean triglyceride (mg/dL) | 136.65 ± 86.69 | 133.87 ± 81.48 | 164.90 ± 122.51 | <0.001 |
| Mean LDL-c (mg/dL) | 130.74 ± 33.25 | 130.65 ± 33.09 | 131.82 ± 34.83 | 0.423 |
| Mean total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 205.94 ± 37.12 | 205.60 ± 36.81 | 209.69 ± 39.92 | 0.012 |
| On statins (%) | 8.65 | 8.49 | 10.26 | 0.150 |
| With hepatic steatosis (%) | 36.18 | 35.57 | 42.38 | 0.001 |
| Mean fasting glucose (%) | 89.30 ± 10.26 | 89.27 ± 10.34 | 89.49 ± 10.63 | 0.624 |
| Mean SBP (mmHg) ± SD | 118.8 ± 12.7 | 118.7 ± 12.8 | 119.8 ± 12.5 | 0.065 |
| Mean DBP (mmHg) ± SD | 76.9 ± 8.1 | 76.9 ± 8.1 | 77.3 ± 8.1 | 0.295 |
| Hypertension (%) | 21.24 | 12.61 | 13.22 | 0.394 |
| On anti-hypertensive medications (%) | 12.27 | 12.24 | 12.7 | 0.749 |
| Median hs-CRP (IQR) (mg/L) | 1.2 (0.6-2.40) | 1.20 (0.60-2.40) | 1.40 (0.70-3.00) | <0.001 |
| % Elevated hs-CRP (>3.0 mg/L) | 19.24 | 18.60 | 26.10 | <0.001 |
SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; HDL-c: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; and hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein.