Table 2.
Demographic, Clinical, and Biochemical Characteristics Between the Two Studied Populations
| T2D with ESRD | T2D without ESRD | Controls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Punjab (n=204) | Jammu and Kashmir (n=150) | Punjab (n=257) | Jammu and Kashmir (n=187) | Punjab (n=315) | Jammu and Kashmir (n=200) | pa | pb | pc |
| Age (years) | 59.62±8.10 | 60.48±6.90 | 55.59±10.51 | 53.54±7.96 | 54.72±10.80 | 52.64±8.06 | 0.293 | 0.020* | 0.013* |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 23.63±4.53 | 22.39±3.10 | 27.58±5.17 | 25.23±3.44 | 27.59±5.84 | 23.99±2.23 | 0.002* | 2.27×10−08* | 1.98×10−20* |
| WC (cm) | – | – | 102.25±12.62 | 89.19±6.66 | 96.83±15.78 | 89.11±6.82 | – | 1.95×10−36* | 3.09×10−13* |
| HC (cm) | – | – | 102.82±11.69 | 96.99±7.39 | 100.28±14.72 | 97.00±7.31 | – | 4.92×10−10* | 0.001* |
| WHR | – | – | 1.00±0.08 | 0.92±0.03 | 0.97±0.08 | 0.92±0.02 | – | 5.39×10−37* | 1.06×10−19* |
| SBP (mmHg) | 134.48±16.35 | 139.24±18.57 | 130.70±18.16 | 127.07±11.94 | 125.38±14.13 | 121.98±10.70 | 0.013* | 0.012* | 0.002* |
| DBP (mmHg) | 83.72±10.39 | 86.27±12.44 | 85.30±9.21 | 85.72±9.33 | 82.94±8.54 | 82.35±8.14 | 0.041* | 0.642 | 0.438 |
| RBS (mg/dl) | 176.42±58.64 | 188.81±60.79 | 241.05±88.04 | 231.23±52.94 | 123.36±23.59 | 140.21±14.73 | 0.076 | 0.221 | 1.15×10−15* |
| FBS (mg/dl) | 105.02±23.70 | 94.23±24.94 | 169.74±62.65 | 151.93±26.98 | 100.10±17.21 | 86.39±10.52 | 0.143 | 0.038* | 0.0003* |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 139.58±51.17 | 145.32±37.89 | 175.61±51.63 | 159.99±35.79 | 171.39±47.72 | 148.08±31.17 | 0.247 | 0.0002* | 7.5×10−11* |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 144.65±60.40 | 143.64±45.51 | 199.27±108.9 | 176.57±62.33 | 183.32±109.82 | 167.41±57.76 | 0.857 | 0.006* | 0.034* |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 43.00±12.86 | 41.67±8.72 | 40.72±10.62 | 40.95±9.65 | 43.14±11.49 | 46.09±8.83 | 0.247 | 0.816 | 0.002* |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 67.65±51.01 | 74.92±37.58 | 95.04±48.70 | 84.17±36.29 | 91.59±46.62 | 68.50±31.27 | 0.141 | 0.008* | 6.66×10−11* |
| VLDL (mg/dl) | 28.93±12.08 | 28.73±9.10 | 39.85±21.79 | 35.31±12.47 | 36.66±21.96 | 33.48±11.55 | 0.857 | 0.006* | 0.034* |
| Urea (mg/dl) | 113.77±29.57 | 121.44±37.61 | 48.38±16.57 | 40.82±16.75 | 31.19±14.82 | 28.35±6.48 | 0.056 | 1.12×10−05* | 0.012* |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 6.49±1.40 | 6.09±2.13 | 1.18±0.74 | 1.05±0.43 | 0.89±0.492 | 0.71±0.172 | 0.061 | 0.029* | 7.18×10−08* |
| Duration T2D (years) | 13.41±8.24 | 12.15±6.47 | 8.12±6.74 | 5.09±4.92 | – | – | 0.018* | 1.23×10−07* | – |
| Duration ESRD (years) | 1.06±1.05 | 0.76±0.65 | – | – | – | – | 0.001* | – | – |
pa value T2D with ESRD (Punjab vs. Jammu and Kashmir); pb value T2D without ESRD (Punjab vs. Jammu and Kashmir), pc value controls (Punjab vs. Jammu and Kashmir).
*
p<0.05 is considered statistically significant.
BMI: body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HC, hip circumference; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; RBS, random blood sugar; SBP, systolic blood pressure; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-hip ratio.