Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) patients and controls.
| Variables | PPCM Patients n = 39 | Controls n = 50 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 25.9 ± 6.5 | 26.4 ± 6.2 | 0.674 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.2 ± 3.9 | 21.9 ± 4.2 | 0.377 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 119 ± 26 | 126 ± 18 | 0.124 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 86 ± 19 | 83 ± 14 | 0.469 |
| Hypotension (SBP < 100 mmHg) | 13 (33.3%) | 2 (4%) | <0.001 * |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 108 ± 17 | 94 ± 16 | <0.001 * |
| Log10 Family income/month, ₦ | 4.31 ± 0.31 | 4.28 ± 0.37 | 0.672 |
| Log10 Education, years | 0.99 ± 0.21 | 0.97 ± 0.15 | 593 |
| NYHA class | |||
| I | 0 | 50 (100%) | <0.001 * |
| II | 14 (35.9%) | 0 | |
| III | 18 (46.2%) | 0 | |
| IV | 7 (18.0%) | 0 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.3 ± 1.8 | 13.4 ± 2.8 | 0.058 |
| Serum sodium, mmol/L | 136.0 ± 5.5 | 140.4 ± 4.1 | <0.001 * |
| Serum creatinine, µmol/L | 79.8 ± 21.9 | 73.3 ± 18.0 | 0.149 |
| Anemia | 16 (41.0%) | 11 (22.0%) | 0.053 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 32.4 ± 4.9 | 35.8 ± 7.3 | 0.061 |
| Log10 ALT | 1.17 ± 0.47 | 1.27 ± 0.29 | 0.305 |
| Log10 AST | 1.29 ± 0.40 | 1.43 ± 0.23 | 0.088 |
| ACEI or ARB | 18 (46.2%) | 0 | - |
| Digoxin | 37 (94.9%) | 0 | - |
| Beta-blockers | 3 (7.7%) | 0 | - |
| Spironolactone | 37 (94.9%) | 0 | - |
| Nifedipine | 0 | 7 (14.0%) | - |
| α-Methyl Dopa | 5 (12.8%) | 14 (28.0%) | 0.083 |
| Thiazide diuretic | 10 (25.6%) | 8 (16.0%) | 0.261 |
₦, Nigerian Naira; * p-value statistically significant; SBP, systolic blood pressure; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; ACEI, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; ARB, Angiotensin Receptor Blocker. Results are presented as means ± standard deviations, or as numbers with percentages in parentheses.