Table 1.

Salivary ncRNAs as disease-related molecular markers.

Ref.	Study	Saliva Fraction	Disease	Study Cohort	Technique	Molecular Profile
Characterization
[76]	Weber et al., Clin. Chem. 2010	CFS	characterization	5 healthy donors	Human miScript Assay panel (Qiagen)—714 miRNA	miR-182*, miR-450b-5p, miR-622, miR-141, miR-26a, miR-145*, miR-135b*, miR-381, miR-96*, miR-1228, miR-431*
[74]	Michael et al., Oral Dis. 2010	exosomes	characterization	2 healthy donors	miRCURY LNA microRNA Array, v.10.0, (Exiqon, Denmark)	let-7b, let-7c*, miR-128, miR-150*, miR-17, miR-1908, miR-212, miR-27b*, miR-29b, miR-29c, (Top-10)
[77]	Patel et al., Arch Oral Biol. 2011	WS	characterization	20 healthy donors	TaqMan1 Low Density Array Card (TLDA) Human miRNA Panel v2.0 (Applied Biosystems)	miR-223, miR-191, miR-16, miR-203, and miR-24
[21]	Spielmann et al., Clin. Chem. 2012	CFS and WS	characterization	8 healthy donors	SOLiDTM Total RNA-Seq Kit and Barcoding Kit (modules 1–16) (Applied Biosystems)	224 snoRNAs
[91]	Gallo et al., PLoS ONE 2012	exosomes	characterization	Healthy donors (# N/A)	TaqMan MicroRNA Assay, PN 4427975, Applied Biosystems	miR-22, miR202, miR-203, miR-1273d
[72]	Ogawa et al., Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2013	exosomes and WS	characterization	1 healthy donor (7 saliva collection replicates)	Illumina Genome Analyzer Iix by Hokkaido System Sciences Co., Ltd. (Japan)	miR-378a, miR-143, let-7c, miR-146b, miR-21, let-7f-1, let-7f-2, miR-30a, miR-9-1, miR-9-2, miR-9-3, let-7a-1, let-7a-2, miR-20a, miR-30d, miR-30e; piR-39980, piR-48209, piR-52207, piR-38581, piR-36095, piR-59293, piR-61648, piR-55361; U78, U44, U21, U31, U104, U15A, snR39B
[73]	Bahn et al., Clin. Chem. 2014	CFS	characterization	8 healthy donors	Illumina HiSeq 50SE	127–418 miRNAs (Top-2: miR-223-3p and miR-148a-3p)
Local & Systemic Diseases
[78]	Park NJ et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 2009	CFS and WS	oral squamous cell carcinoma	50 OSCC patients and 50 healthy matched controls	RT-preamp-qPCR	miR-125a and miR-200a
[93]	Wiklund et al., PLoS ONE 2011	WS	oral squamous cell carcinoma	15 OSCC patients and 7 healthy controls	TaqManH qRT-PCR assays (Applied Biosystems)	miR-375 and miR-200a expression and miR-200c-141 methylation
[94]	Liu CJ et al., Head Neck 2012	CFS	oral squamous cell carcinoma	45 oral carcinoma, 10 oral verrucous leukoplakia, and 24 healthy controls	TaqMan miRNA assay system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA)	miR-31
[95]	Matse et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 2013	WS	paratiroid gland tumors	38 malignant tumors and 29 benign parotid gland tumors	TaqMan Human MicroRNA Cards (Applied Biosystems) and RTqPCR	hsa-miR-132, hsa-miR-15b, mmu-miR-140, and hsa-miR-22
[96]	Tang et al., Mol. Med. Rep. 2013	SP	oral squamous cell carcinoma	4 OSCC saliva samples and 12 healthy controls	RT-qPCR of six lncRNAs found in OSCC tissue	MALALT-1, HOTAIR
[97]	Wang et al., Biosens. Bioelectron. 2013	CFS	oral squamous cell carcinoma	5 artificial saliva samples (spiked)	Novel home-made electrochemical biosensor magnetic-controllable gold electrode	miR- 200a, miR-142-3p, miR-93 and miR-125a
[98]	Xie Z et al., PLoS ONE 2013	CFS and WS	esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	NA	Agilent miRNA microarray	miR-144, miR-10b*, miR-21 and miR-451
[99]	Yang et al., BMC Cancer 2013	SP	oral squamous cell carcinoma	7 non-progressing LGD, 8 progressing LGD into OSCC and 7 healthy controls	The TaqManW low density array (TLDA) qRT-PCR system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA)	miR-10b, miR-660, miR-708, miR-30e, miR-145, miR-99b, miR-181c and miR-197
[100]	Salazar et al., Cell Oncol. 2014	WS	head and neck cancer	61 HNSCC patients and 61 healthy controls	miScriptTM miRNA microarray, RTqPCR, TCGA	miR-9, miR-134 and miR-191
[101]	Wang et al., Tumor Biol. 2014	2 saliva data sets, 6 plasma/serum data sets (meta-analysis)	esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	995 ESCC patients and 733 healthy controls	Bioinformatic and Statistics tools	miR-144, miR-10, miR-451
[102]	Momen-Heravi et al., J. Dent. Res. 2014	CFS	oral squamous cell carcinoma	9 OSCC patients before treatment, 8 patients with OSCC in remission, and 9 healthy controls	NanoString nCounter miRNA expression assay (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA)	miRNA-136, miRNA-147, miRNA-1250, miRNA-148a, miRNA- 632, miRNA-646, miRNA668, miRNA- 877, miRNA-503, miRNA-220a, miRNA-323-5p, miRNA-24, miRNA-27b
[103]	Hizir et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014	CFS	prostate cancer	NA	nanographene oxide system	miR-21, miR141
[104]	Gao et al., BioMed. Res. Int. 2014	CFS	pancreatic cancer	30 PC patients and 32 healthy controls	miScript miRNA PCR array human miRNome (384-well plate) (Qiagen)	miR-17, miR-21, miR-181b, miR-196a
Forensic Science
[79]	Hanson et al., Anal. Biochem. 2009	WS	body fluid identification	Healthy donors (# NA)	RTqPCR	miR-658, miR-205
[105]	Zubakov et al., Int. J. Legal. Med. 2010	WS	body fluid identification	Healthy donors (# NA)	Microarray LNATM-modified oligo-nucleotides (Exiqon, Vedbæk, Denmark), and RTqPCR	miR-583, miR-518c*, miR-208b
[106]	Courts et al., J. Forensic Sci. 2011	WS	body fluid identification	Healthy donors (# NA)	Microarray Geniom Biochips (Heidelberg, Germany) and RTqPCR	miR-200c, miR-203, miR-205
[107]	Wang et al., Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 2012	WS	body fluid identification	10 healthy donors	RTqPCR	miR-658, miR-205
[108]	Omelia et al., Anal. Biochem. 2013	WS	body fluid identification	6 healthy donors	RTqPCR	miR-205
[109]	Park JL et al., Electrophoresis 2014	WS	body fluid identification	60 healthy donors	Affymetrix Gene Chip miRNA 3.0 array and RTqPCR	miR-203, miR-205
[110]	Silva et al., Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 2015	–	body fluid identification	–	–	(Review)

WS: whole saliva; CFS: cell free saliva; SP: saliva pellet and NA: not available.