Table 3.
Vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine in mothers and neonate according to maternal smoking status, parity and folate supplement use.
| Smoking | n = 91 | Vitamin B12 (ng/L) | Folate (μg/L) | Homocysteine (μmol/L) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal | No (%) | 55 | 245 (227, 357) | 10.7 (10.6, 13.9) | 6.15 (5.61, 8.08) |
| Yes (%) | 45 | 189 (176, 224) ** | 10.1 (9.7, 13.3) | 6.33 (5.90, 7.45) | |
| Neonate | No (%) | 55 | 327 (305, 502) | 16.9 (16.4, 18.2) | 5.42 (5.06, 6.58) |
| Yes (%) | 45 | 252 (232, 364) * | 16.5 (15.8, 17.7) | 6.21 (5.80, 7.68) | |
| Parity | |||||
| Maternal | Para 0 (%) | 18 | 248 (203, 332) | 13.7 (11.8, 17.9) | 6.25 (5.21, 8.03) |
| Para 1 (%) | 48 | 224 (201, 347) | 11.1 (10.8, 14.1) | 6.12 (5.73, 7.43) | |
| Para ≥2 (%) | 34 | 195 (179, 239) * | 8.2 (7.6, 11.6) ** | 6.4 (5.31, 8.97) | |
| Neonate | Para 0 (%) | 18 | 327 (264, 479) | 17.9 (16.6, 19.6) | 5.61 (4.50, 7.59) |
| Para 1 (%) | 48 | 284 (258, 487) | 16.9 (16.3, 18.1) | 5.91 (5.53, 7.30) | |
| Para ≥2 (%) | 34 | 283 (250, 396) | 16.0 (15.2, 17.4) * | 5.67 (5.08, 7.15) | |
| Folate supplement users | |||||
| Maternal | Yes (%) | 85 | 224 (216, 305) | 11.1 (11.3, 14.0) | 6.06 (5.77, 7.44) |
| No (%) | 15 | 187 (154, 245) | 6.8 (5.5, 9.3) *** | 7.42 (6.02, 9.61) * | |
| Neonate | Yes (%) | 85 | 311 (306, 445) | 17.4 (17.0, 18.2) | 5.57 (5.40, 6.53) |
| No (%) | 15 | 213 (134, 391) | 13.5 (12.0, 15.6) *** | 7.01 (5.34, 10.33) * | |
Data are geometric mean (95% CI); * p-value compared to geometric mean in the respective group(s); * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.