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mRNA expression levels of GF compared to BM-MSCs before transplantation. Real-time PCR assays were performed to measure mRNA levels of inflammatory, neovascularization, and remodeling factors in GF compared to BM-MSCs. The fold changes were generated by comparing cultured hGF (histogramme) with hMSCs (basal line to 1). GAPDH was quantified as an internal control. MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; GF, gingival fibroblast; Irr, irradiation.
