Table 2.
Clinical variables according to the health clinics
| Health clinic, mean (SD) [valid n]
|
F | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Seri Kembangan | Dengkil | Salak | |||
| Age (years) | 56.9 (10.18) [698] | 58.8 (10.21) [222] | 57.7 (11.08) [123] | 55.5 (9.64) [353] | 7.81 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 6.5 (5.71) [677] | 9.1 (7.05) [220] | 6.3 (4.34) [123] | 4.9 (4.43) [334] | 39.94 | <0.0001 |
| HPT duration (years) | 6.8 (5.80) [515] | 8.4 (6.25) [171] | 7.0 (4.59) [108] | 5.6 (5.67) [236] | 12.60 | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia duration (years) | 4.2 (3.01) [250] | 4.9 (3.33) [124] | 3.4 (2.28) [113] | 5.1 (3.68) [13] | 8.87 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.5 (2.14) [621] | 8.5 (2.05) [190] | 8.6 (2.21) [121] | 8.4 (2.16) [310] | 0.13 | 0.878 |
| CBG (mmol/L) | 9.4 (3.66) [687] | 9.1 (3.12) [219] | 9.3 (3.37) [123] | 9.7 (4.05) [345] | 2.00 | 0.137 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136.9 (17.7) [695] | 134.5 (15.1) [219] | 131.1 (17.0) [123] | 140.5 (18.6) [353] | 16.71 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.2 (12.2) [695] | 76.6 (11.0) [219] | 76.4 (9.3) [123] | 81.7 (13.2) [353] | 16.57 | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.0 (1.00) [566] | 3.0 (1.04) [201] | 2.8 (1.11) [121] | 3.0 (0.90) [244] | 1.70 | 0.184 |
| HDL-C in mmol/L | 1.0 (0.32) [569] | 1.2 (0.32) [202] | 0.9 (0.32) [122] | 0.9 (0.26) [245] | 59.24 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.9 (1.39) [569] | 1.8 (1.07) [201] | 2.0 (1.01) [123] | 2.0 (1.54) [245] | 2.53 | 0.081 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 (1.17) [619] | 5.0 (1.09) [203] | 4.7 (1.21) [123] | 4.8 (1.20) [293] | 2.51 | 0.082 |
| DDS-17 | 37.1 (15.98) [663] | 40.6 (17.34) [206] | 40.3 (18.46) [118] | 33.8 (13.35) [339] | 14.93 | <0.0001 |
| Emotional burden | 11.9 (5.33) [685] | 11.9 (5.65) [219] | 12.6 (6.03) [120] | 11.6 (4.84) [346] | 1.30 | 0.274 |
| Physician distress | 7.9 (4.67) [683] | 9.6 (5.67) [216] | 9.1 (4.68) [121] | 6.4 (3.29) [346] | 40.49 | <0.0001 |
| Regimen distress | 11.3 (5.20) [690] | 12.0 (5.36) [218] | 12.2 (6.06) [121] | 10.6 (4.65) [351] | 7.88 | <0.0001 |
| Interpersonal distress | 6.3 (3.65) [689] | 7.2 (4.40) [217] | 7.0 (3.95) [121] | 5.6 (2.77) [351] | 16.15 | <0.0001 |
| PHQ-9 | 4.6 (4.31) [684] | 5.5 (4.91) [218] | 4.2 (4.01) [121] | 4.2 (3.90) [345] | 7.69 | <0.0001 |
| MMAS-8 | 5.6 (1.42) [668] | 5.6 (1.45) [216] | 5.8 (1.31) [121] | 5.6 (1.45) [331] | 0.76 | 0.469 |
| WHOQOL-BREF | 55.5 (6.31) [694] | 54.9 (6.66) [218] | 55.0 (6.11) [123] | 56.0 (6.12) [353] | 2.70 | 0.068 |
| Physical health | 13.1 (1.70) [700] | 12.8 (1.80) [224] | 13.1 (1.65) [123] | 13.3 (1.64) [353] | 5.22 | 0.006 |
| Psychological health | 13.3 (1.88) [697] | 13.0 (1.91) [221] | 12.7 (2.03) [123] | 13.6 (1.73) [353] | 12.94 | <0.0001 |
| Social relationship | 14.7 (2.40) [698] | 14.7 (2.50) [222] | 15.3 (2.45) [123] | 14.5 (2.29) [353] | 5.82 | 0.003 |
| Environmental | 14.4 (2.08) [697] | 14.3 (2.47) [221] | 13.9 (1.89) [123] | 14.7 (1.83) [353] | 8.19 | <0.0001 |
Note: P-values are for the analysis of variance.
Abbreviations: DDS-17, Diabetes Distress Scale 17 items; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items; MMAS-8, 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale; WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief 26 items; CBG, casual blood glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HPT, hypertension; SD, standard deviation; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.