Table 11.

Vaccines against bovine respiratory synctitial virus.

Vaccine	Vector	Dosage	Price	Vaccination ages	Immunity	Ref.
Bovi-Shield BRSV (Pfizer, NY, USA)	MLV for BRSV, IBR, PI3 and BVD	Two 2-ml im. doses 3–4 weeks apart with annual revaccination with single dose	US$25.99/50 doses (US$0.52/dose)	No age restriction, but calves vaccinated before 6 months should be revaccinated after 6 months of age	Serum antibodies within 2 weeks and neutralizing antibodies within 5 weeks	[97,98]
Cattlemaster® Gold™ 5LP5 (Pfizer)	MLV BRSV, chemically altered strains of IBR and PI3 and inactivated BVD with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant	Two 5-ml sc. doses 3 weeks apart with annual revaccination with single dose	US$59.99/25 doses (US$2.40/dose)	No age restriction, but calves vaccinated before 6 months should be revaccinated after 6 months of age	Serum antibodies in 89% of calves within 2 weeks	[99]
Jencine 4 (Schering- Plough, NJ, USA)	MLV for BRSV, noncytopathic BVD virus	One 2-ml im. or sc. dose with annual revaccination	US$46.96/50 doses (US$0.94/ dose)	2 weeks old; calves vaccinated before 6 months of age should be revaccinated after 6 months of age	Unknown
Pyramid 4 (Fort Dodge, KS, USA)	MLV for BRSV, IBR, PI3 and BVD with MetaStim adjuvant	One 2-ml dose sc. with annual revaccination	US$77.99/50 doses (US$1.56/dose)	No age restriction, but calves vaccinated before 6 months of age should be revaccinated after 6 months of age	Unknown
Vira Shield (Novartis, UK)	Inactivated BRSV, IBR, BVD, PI3 viruses with Xtend® SP adjuvant	Two 5-ml doses sc. 4–5 weeks apart with annual revaccination	US$62.90/50 doses (US$1.26/ dose)	No age restriction, but calves vaccinated before 6 months of age should be revaccinated after 6 months of age	Cell-mediated and humoral immunity
DNA vaccine BRSV (Hamers et al. 2007)	Two plasmids expressing the BRSV F and N antigens	2 ml of DNA vaccine im. 4 weeks apart or single dose followed by vaccination with inactivated virus	Unknown	3–6 weeks (plus maternal antibodies)	No antibodies, reduced lung lesions, reduced virus shedding correlated with IFN-γ producing T-cell response	[41]
DNA vaccine BRSV (Taylor et al. 2005)	Plasmid expressing F gene of the Snook strain of BRSV	Two doses of 0.25-mg DNA im., intradermally and intratracheally 5 weeks apart	Unknown	2 weeks (no maternal antibodies)	Antibodies within 9 weeks and BRSV- specific lymphocyte proliferative responses within 2–4 weeks No virus found in lungs of 9/11 challenged calves	[41]

^aBRSV: Bovine respiratory synctitial virus; BVD: Bovine virus diarrhea; IBR: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis; Im.: Intramuscular; MVL: Modified live virus; PI₃: Parainfluenza type-3; sc.: Subcutaneous.