Table 2.

Canine vaccination guidelines of the American Animal Hospital Association.

Pathogen	Pathogen family	Vaccine types	Effectiveness (%) and duration of immunity	Vaccination ages	Ref.
Canine parvovirus (core)	Parvoviridae	MLV, killed, recombinant	>99 DOI: >7 years	Puppies receive three doses between the ages of 6 and 16 weeks, at 3–4 week intervals. Booster vaccination 1 year later. Revaccination every 3 years	[85]
Canine adenovirus (core)	Adenoviridae	MLV and killed, MLV parenteral, killed or MLV topical	>99 DOI: >7 years	Puppies receive three doses between the ages of 6 and 16 weeks, at 3–4 week intervals. Booster vaccination 1 year later. Revaccination every 3 years	[85]
Rabies (core)	Rhabdoviridae	Killed	>99 DOI: >3 years	One dose at 3 months. State, provincial and local statutes govern frequency of subsequent administration	[85]
Canine distemper (core)		MLV and recombinant vectored virus	>99 DOI: 3–7 years	Puppies receive three doses between the ages of 6 and 16 weeks, with the final dose administered at 14–16 weeks	[85]
Parainfluenza (noncore)	Paramyxovirus	MLV parenteral	Unknown DOI: >3 years	Puppies receive three doses between the ages of 6 and 16 weeks, at 3–4 week intervals. Booster vaccination 1 year later. Revaccination every 3 years	[86]
Bordetella bronchisepta (noncore)	Coccobacilli of the phylum Proteobacteria	MLV or killed parenteral	20–24 DOI: <12 months	One dose at 6–8 weeks, one dose at 10–12 weeks. Booster 1 year later. Revaccination every 3 years	[86,87]
Leptospira interrogans (noncore)	Spirochaete bacteria	Killed	<50	One dose at 12 weeks, one dose at 14–16 weeks. Annual revaccination	[85]
Borrelia burgdorferi/ Lyme borreliosis (noncore)	Spirochaete bacteria	Recombinant outer surface protein A	Unknown	Initial dose at 9–12 weeks, second dose 2–4 weeks later. Annual revaccination

DOI: Duration of immunity; MLV: Modified live virus.

Data taken from [213].