. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 8.

Published in final edited form as: J Microbiol Methods. 2012 May 12;90(3):192–196. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.05.004

TABLE 1.

Fluorophores used in multiple staining protocol

Fluorophore	Target molecule	Excitation (nm)	Emission (nm)	Extinction coefficient (cm⁻¹ M⁻¹)	References
SYTO 9	DNA	485	498	>50,000^a	(Strathmann, et al., 2002; Stocks, 2004; Hangland, 2005)
FITC	Protein	492	518	88,000	(Wilderspin and Green, 1983; Hangland, 2005)
SYPRO Ruby	Protein	450	610	Not known^b	(Berggren, et al., 2000; Hangland, 2005)
Concanavalin A with Tetramethylrhodamine	Alpha-polysaccharides	555	580	99,000	(Strathmann, et al., 2002; Hangland, 2005)
Calcofluor White M2R	Beta-polysaccharides	365	435	19,200	(Chen, et al., 2007)
DiD	Cell membranes and lipids	644	665	16,250	(Hangland, 2005)

Range given in manufacturer’s product information

Manufacturer’s proprietary knowledge