Fig 1. Map representing the geographical origin of the breeds used in the experiment.

DIVA-GIS software version 7.5 [35] with the BIOCLIM system [36] was used to obtain the map. The different agro-climatic zones were defined based on the annual precipitation of the Worldclim database (http://www.worldclim.org) and according to the OECD 2009 criteria [37]. According to [38], the current northern limit of tsetse presence is slightly above the limit between the semi-arid and sub-humid dry areas. DIVA-GIS and spatial data are freely available and downloadable from http://www.diva-gis.org/