Fig. 1.

Standardized squared path estimates from the best fitting trivariate Cholesky model shown separately for males (a) and females (b). A refers to additive genetic influences, C refers to shared environmental influences, and E refers to non-shared environmental influences. The following covariances have been dropped from the best fitting model: genetic covariation between pubertal status and sex hormones (male), shared environmental covariation between pubertal status and sex hormones (female), non-shared environmental covariation between pubertal status and sex hormones (male and female), additive genetic covariance specific to sex hormones (male and female)