Confocal fluorescence micrographs of HeLa cells transfected with PEI or PAMAM (Alexa-Fluor 488, green), and endocytic vesicle marker transferrin or cholera toxin (Alexa-Fluor 647, red) at 30 minutes post transfection. Polyplexes were formed at N/P ratio 10. a) PAMAM-Tf, b) PEI-Tf, c) PAMAM-CTxB, d) PEI-CTxB. Left panel, combined cross-sectional view; right panel, corresponding brightfield views.