Table 3.
Logistic Regression Odds Ratio (OR) and 95 Percent Confidence Interval (95% CI) Estimates Predicting Cesarean Section Delivery During the Year Before the Survey, Brazil, 1998, 2003, and 2008
| 1998 |
2003 |
2008 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 (includes payment source/type of hospital) |
Model 1 |
Model 2 (includes payment source/type of hospital) |
Model 1 |
Model 2 (includes payment source/type of hospital) |
|||||||
| Variables | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
| Age | ||||||||||||
| 15-19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 20-24 | 1.57** | 1.27-1.95 | 1.50** | 1.20-1.87 | 1.91** | 1.50-2.42 | 1.82** | 1.43-2.32 | 1.15 | 0.90-1.46 | 1.13 | 0.88-1.44 |
| 25-29 | 2.12** | 1.67-2.69 | 1.93** | 1.51-2.46 | 2.72** | 2.10-3.53 | 2.42** | 1.85-3.17 | 1.78** | 1.37-2.32 | 1.68** | 1.28-2.19 |
| 30-49 | 3.33** | 2.59-4.27 | 2.93** | 2.27-3.79 | 3.86** | 2.95-5.04 | 3.22** | 2.44-4.25 | 2.80** | 2.13-3.69 | 2.42** | 1.82-3.22 |
| Years of schooling | ||||||||||||
| 0-3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 4-7 | 1.51** | 1.24-1.83 | 1.43** | 1.17-1.74 | 1.38** | 1.09-1.75 | 1.30* | 1.02-1.66 | 1.30 | 0.95-1.77 | 1.25 | 0.92-1.70 |
| 8-10 | 1.78** | 1.41-2.25 | 1.45** | 1.14-1.84 | 1.90** | 1.46-2.46 | 1.59** | 1.22-2.08 | 1.44* | 1.06-1.97 | 1.30 | 0.95-1.79 |
| 11 | 2.90** | 2.26-3.72 | 2.02** | 1.56-2.63 | 2.49** | 1.91-3.24 | 1.63** | 1.23-2.16 | 2.03** | 1.49-2.78 | 1.42* | 1.04-1.96 |
| 12+ | 5.90** | 4.06-8.57 | 2.98** | 1.99-4.46 | 5.26** | 3.64-7.58 | 1.92** | 1.27-2.91 | 4.62** | 3.11-6.88 | 1.91** | 1.26-2.92 |
| Live birth order | ||||||||||||
| One child | 1.04 | 0.87-1.23 | 1.00 | 0.84-1.20 | 1.08 | 0.90-1.30 | 1.06 | 0.87-1.28 | 1.33** | 1.10-1.60 | 1.36** | 1.12-1.65 |
| Two children | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Three or more children | 0.58** | 0.47-0.70 | 0.60** | 0.49-0.72 | 0.59** | 0.48-0.72 | 0.64** | 0.52-0.79 | 0.66** | 0.53-0.82 | 0.75* | 0.60-0.95 |
| Region of residence | ||||||||||||
| North | 1.53** | 1.15-2.04 | 1.42* | 1.07-1.89 | 1.06 | 0.84-1.34 | 1.02 | 0.80-1.29 | 1.24 | 0.98-1.57 | 1.22 | 0.94-1.56 |
| Northeast | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Southeast | 1.91** | 1.61-2.27 | 1.63** | 1.37-1.94 | 1.75** | 1.46-2.09 | 1.45** | 1.20-1.76 | 1.33** | 1.10-1.61 | 1.09 | 0.90-1.33 |
| South | 1.53** | 1.26-1.87 | 1.29* | 1.05-1.58 | 1.62** | 1.30-2.02 | 1.44** | 1.15-1.81 | 1.53** | 1.20-1.95 | 1.25 | 0.97-1.61 |
| Central West | 2.61** | 2.08-3.26 | 2.14** | 1.70-2.69 | 1.87** | 1.48-2.36 | 1.58** | 1.25-2.01 | 1.49** | 1.18-1.88 | 1.23 | 0.96-1.58 |
| Payment source†/type of hospital | ||||||||||||
| SUS/public | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| SUS/private | 1.35* | 1.07-1.70 | 1.26 | 0.97-1.62 | 1.75* | 1.12-2.75 | ||||||
| Non-SUS/public | 1.65** | 1.21-2.25 | 2.29** | 1.49-3.52 | 2.81** | 1.77^.46 | ||||||
| Non-SUS/private | 3.47** | 2.83-4.24 | 4.80** | 3.82-6.01 | 5.43** | 4.21-7.00 | ||||||
| Number of observations | 4,645 | 4,645 | 4,263 | 4,263 | 3,660 | 3,660 | ||||||
*
Significant at p ≤ 0.05
**
Significant at p ≤ 0.01
†
SUS is the Brazilian governmentally funded health system (“Sistema Único de Saúde”). Source: 1998, 2003, and 2008 Brazilian household surveys (PNAD).