Table 4.

Clinicopathological characteristics of the urine analyzed in this study

Characteristic	Hepatitis (n = 44)	Cirrhosis (n = 50)	HCC (n = 78)
Mean age ± SD, years	51.4 ± 9.8	58.7 ± 10.7	58.8 ± 12.2
Male/female	25/18/1	33/17/0	58/20
HBV/HCV/both/none/unknown	2/1/21/20/0/0	11/24/4/10/0	39/19/2/9/9
Stage 1/2/3/4/unknown	–	–	21/32/18/2/5
Grade 1/2/3/unknown	–	–	9/47/18/4
Mean size of tumor ± SD, cm	–	–	5.2 ± 3.2
AFP levels, ng/mL, ≤20/>20/unknown	–	–	44/30/4

AFP, α-fetoprotein; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; SD, standard deviation.