Table 1.

Authors	Year	Title	Location	Participants	Measure of health outcome	Racism/discrimination measure	Results	AHRQ score
Heart Disease Risk Factors
Albert, Ravenell, Glynn, Khera, Halevy, & de Lemos	2008	Cardiovas cular risk indicators and perceived race/ethnic discrimination in the Dallas Heart Study	Dallas, TX	1,475 male and female participants (790 black participants) from the Dallas Heart Study	CVD risk factors: C- Reactive Protein, aortic plaque area and wall thickness, and coronary calcium (CAC)	Have you ever been discriminated against due to your race/ethnicity? (responses: yes, no, or don't know)	No association	8/8
Lewis et al.	2006	Chronic Exposure to Everyday Discrimination and Coronary Artery Calcification in African-American Women: The SWAN Heart Study	United States	181 black women from the SWAN study	Coronary Artery Calcification	Modified version of the Detroit Area Study Everyday Discrimination Scale [56]	Positive association	8/8
Troxel, Matthews, Bromberger, & Sutton-Tyrrell	2003	Chronic Stress Burden, Discrimination, and Subclinical Carotid Artery Disease in African American and Caucasian Women	Pittsburg, PA	334 black and white women (109 black women) from the SWAN study	Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and presence of arterial plaque	Modified version of the Detroit Area Study Everyday Discrimination Scale [56]	Mode rate positive association	8/8
Blood Pressure
Brown, Matthews, Bromberger, & Chang	2006	The Relation between Perceived Unfair Treatment and Blood Pressure in Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample of Women	United States	3,300 women (934 black women) from the SWAN study	One time-point blood pressure measurement	Modified version of the Detroit Area Study Everyday Discrimination Scale [56]	No association	8/8
Cozier et al.	2006	Racial Discrimination and the Incidence of Hypertension in US Black Women	United States	30,330 black women from the Black Women's Health Study	Diagnosis of hypertension or reported use of antihypertensive medication	Exposure to personally mediated and institutionalized racism; adapted from the Detroit Area Study Everyday Discrimination Scale [56]	No association	8/8
Clark & Adams	2004	Moderating Effects of Perceived Racism on John Henryism and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Black Female College Students	Midwest United States	117 black women	Blood pressure reactivity during an ethnicity-relevant speaking task	Modified version of the Racism and Life Experiences Scale [57, 58]	No association	8/8
Birth Outcomes
Collins, David, Handler, Wall, & Andes	2004	Very Low Birthweight in African American Infants: The Role of Maternal Exposure to Interpersonal Racial Discrimination	Chicago, IL	312 black women	Giving birth to very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants	Lifetime and pregnancy exposure to racial discrimination across five domains; adapted from Krieger (1990) [59] & McNeilly (1996) [60]	Positive association	8/8
Dailey	2009	Social Stressors and Strengths as Predictors of Infant Birth Weight in Low-Income African American Women	California	108 black women	Birth weight of infant	Everyday Discrimination Scale [61]	No association	8/8
Dole et al.	2004	Psychosocial factors and Preterm birth among African American and white women in central North Carolina	North Carolina	1,898 black and White women (724 black women)	Giving birth to a preterm infant	Exposure to discrimination across six domains; adapted from Krieger (1990) [59] and Krieger & Sidney (1996) [41]	Positive association	8/8
Dominguez, Dunkel-Schetter, Glynn, Hobel & Sandman	2008	Racial Differences in Birth Outcomes: The Role of General, Pregnancy, and Racism Stress	Los Angeles county, CA	51 black and 73 white women	Giving birth to a low birth weight preterm infant	Exposure to discrimination; adapted from Krieger (1990) [59]	Positive association	8/8
Mustillo, Krieger, Gunderson, Sidney, McCreath, & Kiefe	2004	Self-Reported Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Black-White Differences in Preterm and Low-Birthweight Deliveries: The CARDIA Study	United States	352 black and white women (198 black women) from the CARDIA study	Giving birth to a low birth weight or preterm infant	Exposure to discrimination; adapted from Krieger (1990) [59] and Krieger & Sidney (1996) [41]	Positive association	8/8
Rankin, David, & Collins	2011	African American women's exposure to interpersonal racial discrimination in public settings and preterm birth: The effect of coping behaviors	Chicago, IL	277 black women	Giving birth to a low birth weight preterm infant	Modified version of the Perceived Racism Scale [60]	Positive association	8/8
Cancer and Tumor Incidence
Taylor et al.	2007	Racial Discrimination and Breast Cancer Incidence in US Black Women: The Black Women's Health Study	United States	49,161 black women from the Black Women's Health Study	Self-reported breast cancer diagnosis or death from breast cancer	Exposure to everyday and major discrimination; adapted from the Detroit Area Study Everyday Discrimination Scale [56]	Conditional association	8/8
Wise et al.	2007	Perceived Racial Discrimination and Risk of Uterine Leiomyomata	United States	22,002 black women from the Black Women's Health Study	Self-reported diagnosis of “uterine fibroids” and whether their diagnosis was confirmed by “pelvic examination” or “ultrasound/hysterectomy”	Exposure to lifetime and everyday discrimination; adapted from the Detroit Area Study Everyday Discrimination Scale [56]	Positive association	8/8
Weight Change and Body Fat Distribution
Cozier, Wise, Palmer, & Rosenberg	2009	Perceived Racism in Relation to Weight Change in the Black Women's Health Study	United States	43,103 black Women from the Black Women's Health Study	Cumulative eight year change and waist circumference	Exposure to everyday and lifetime racism; adapted from the Detroit Area Study Everyday Discrimination Scale [56]	Positive association	8/8
Vines et al.	2007	Associations of Abdominal Fat With Perceived Racism and Passive Emotional Responses to Racism in African American Women	United States	450 black women from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Uterine Fibroid Study	Waist-hip ratio (WHR)	Telephone-Administered Perceived Racism Scale [62]	Negative association	8/8
Other Health Outcomes
Albert, et al.	2010	Perceptions of Race/Ethnic Discrimination in Relation to Mortality Among Black Women: Results From the Black Women's Health Study	United States	48,924 black women from the Black Women's Health Study	Mortality during follow-up from 1997 to 2005	Exposure to discrimination; adapted from the Detroit Area Study Everyday Discrimination Scale [56]	No association	8/8
Christian, Iams, Porter, & Glaser	2012	Epstein-Barr virus reactivation during pregnancy and postpartum: Effects of race and racial discrimination	Columbus, OH	38 black and 18 women of other races	Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) titers	The Experiences of Discrimination (EOD) scale [59, 41, 64]	Conditional association	7/8
Kwate, Valdimarsdoltir, Guevarra, & Bovbjerg	2003	Experiences of racist events are associated with negative health consequences for African American women	New York	71 black women	Self-reported lifetime history of disease occurrence and frequency of colds in the past three weeks	Schedule of Racist Events (SRE) [66]	Positive association	7/8