Table 5.

Predictors of Medication-Related Problems by Problem Type^a

Dependent Variable	Significant Predictors	P-value	Parameter Estimate of B	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
One or more indication-related problemsb	Female sex	0.008	–0.341	1.641 (1.140– 2.372)
	Dyslipidemia	0.001	0.491	1.724 (1.244– 2.400)
	Obesity	0.004	0.541	1.643 (1.030– 2.635)
	Total no. of medications	0.015	0.017	1.071 (1.010– 1.130)
One or more effectiveness-related problemsc	Dyslipidemia	0.002	0.558	1.684 (1.211– 2.310)
	Bone disease	0.033	0.327	1.433 (1.211– 2.311)
One or more safety-related problemsd	Dyslipidemia	<0.001	0.695	2.003 (1.460– 2.747)

^a: No significant predictors of adherence-related problems were identified on bivariate analyses; therefore, no model was evaluated.

^b: Overall model, p < 0.001, R²= 0.049. Variables also included were race, depression, no. of chronic medications, and no. of pills per day. Specific problems included in this category were untreated condition, synergistic therapy, preventative therapy, no medical indication, recreational drug, nondrug therapy, duplicate, and treating avoidable adverse reaction

^c: Overall model, p < 0.001, R²= 0.054. Variables also included were sex, obesity, no. of pharmacies, no. of chronic medications, no. of pills per day, and total no. of medications. Specific problems included in this category were dosage form inappropriate, contraindication, condition refractory to drug, not indicated, more effective drug, ineffective, inappropriate frequency, duration, storage, and administration

^d: Overall model, p < 0.001, R²= 0.046 Variables also included were no. of pills per day and no. of outpatient visits. Specific problems included in this category were unsafe, allergic reaction, undesired effect, interaction, dosage changed too fast, dose too high, frequency too short, duration too long, drug Interaction resulting in dose too high or low, and needs additional monitoring