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. 2015 Apr 11;13:23. doi: 10.1186/s12915-015-0133-5

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© Hiebert and Maslakova; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Distribution of larval types and larval-juvenile axial orientations among major Nemertean clades. Phylogeny (bottom) shows relationships among three major nemertean clades. Above: orientation of anteroposterior (AP) axis of larva (black arrows) and juvenile (purple arrows) of (A) a typical palaeonemertean larva, (B) a typical hoplonemertean larva, and (C) the larva of pilidiophoran Micrura rubramaculosa [62], in which the larval and juvenile AP axes coincide; (D) a typical pilidium, in which larval and juvenile axes are roughly perpendicular; and (E) the larva of M. akkeshiensis, in which larval and juvenile AP axes oppose one another.