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. 2014 Nov 19;35(2):167–175. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.179

Table 1. Effect of gene polymorphisms on inflammation in AVMs.

Polymorphisms Overexpressed mediators Outcome Magnitude of outcome
−238 AG TNF-α IL-6 Increased ICH risk 4x Increase17
−174 GG IL-6 IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, IL-8, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-12   3x Increase14
−31 CC IL-1β IL-1β   2.7x increase19
−511 TT IL-1β IL-1β   2.6x increase19
−889 CT or TT IL-1α IL-1α Increased AVM susceptibility 2.47x Increase20
Allele 1 of IL-1RN IL-1RN   2x Increase20

AVMs, arteriovenous malformations; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-1, interleukin-1; IL-8, interleukin-8; IL-1β, interleukin-1-beta; IL-1α, interleukin-1-alpha; IL-1RN, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.