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. 2015 Mar 23;56(3):502–508. doi: 10.1093/jrr/rrv005

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© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japan Radiation Research Society and Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1. — Proton-induced adaptive response in normal human cells. (A) Experiment schematic: Confluent normal human fibroblast cultures were first exposed to a priming radiation dose from energetic low-LET protons, followed 0, 6 or 24 h later by a challenge dose of high-LET iron ions. (B) Micronucleus formation (left panel) and micronuclei distribution (right panel) in AG1522 cells pre-irradiated with 20 cGy from 1-GeV protons (¹H) and challenged 0, 6 or 24 h later with 50 cGy of 1-GeV/u iron ions (⁵⁶Fe). (C) Micronucleus formation (left panel) and micronuclei distribution (right panel) in AG1522 cells pre-irradiated with 20 cGy from 0.05-GeV protons (¹H) and challenged 0, 6 or 24 h later with 50 cGy of 1-GeV/u iron ions (⁵⁶Fe). The data indicate that pre-exposure to a low dose of low-LET protons protects against DNA damage from a subsequent challenge from high-LET iron ions. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.0001.