Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjects.
| Parameters | GDM (n = 47) | Controls (n = 29) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pregestational parameters | |||
| Age (years) | 33 [28–35] | 31 [28–33] | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.45 [22.68–28.91] | 21.11 [20.44–24.77] | 0.014 |
| History of previous GDM | 12.8% | 0% | 0.0491 |
| Family history of DM | 78.7% | 17.2% | 0.0018 |
| Midgestational parameters (24–30th weeks of gestation) | |||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.8 [4.5–5.2] | 4.1 [4.0–4.4] | <0.001 |
| 1 hr after load glucose (mmol/L) | 9.2 [8.3–9.6] | 5.9 [5.3–6.5] | <0.001 |
| 2 hr after load glucose (mmol/L) | 8.0 [7.7–8.9] | 5.3 [4.8–5.8] | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.16 [25.24–31.25] | 23.53 [22.72–29.00] | 0.019 |
| 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 28.5 [21.0–34.0] | 31.7 [24.0–40.0] | NS |
| 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L | 95.7% | 93.1% | NS |
| Postpartum parameters (6 weeks–12 months after delivery) | |||
| Weight gain during pregnancy (kg) | 8.0 [5.0–10.5] | 14.0 [11.0–17.0] | <0.001 |
| Offspring birth weight (g) | 3060 [2750–3480] | 3400 [3100–3740] | 0.016 |
| Persisting glucose abnormality | 14.9% | — | — |
| 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 47.5 [40.0–53.0] | 56.5 [48.0–69.0] | 0.0041 |
| 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L | 63.8% | 34.5% | 0.012 |
Data expressed as a median [IQR] or proportions. Differences evaluated by nonparametric Mann-Whitney or Fischer's exact test, respectively.