Fig. 1.

Cell size measurements in elevated phosphate-induced hypertrophic myocardial cells, performed using actin immunofluorescence staining. H9c2 myocardial cells were cultured with different concentrations of NaH₂PO₄ and treated with 1.4 mM NaH₂PO₄ for various time periods (1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h). The cell surface area was observed using fluorescence microscopy. The results are expressed as the mean ± SE values of 3 experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 in comparison to the control.