Table 2.
Determinants of medication adherence
| Parameter | Crude Exp (B) | 95% CI for crude Exp (B)
|
Significance | Adjusted Exp (B), n=597 | 95% CI for adjusted Exp (B)
|
Significance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||
| Intercept | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4.67 | 3.519 | 6.190 | <0.0001 |
| Age, n=665 | 1.004 | 1.002 | 1.006 | <0.0001 | 1.003 | 1.001 | 1.006 | 0.019 |
| Ethnicity, n=661 | ||||||||
| Indian | 1.08 | 1.017 | 1.139 | 0.011 | 1.05 | 0.988 | 1.110 | 0.118 |
| Chinese | 1.004 | 0.948 | 1.062 | 0.900 | 0.98 | 0.923 | 1.046 | 0.589 |
| Malay | 1 | NA | NA | NA | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Income, n=657 | ||||||||
| ≥3,000 | 0.83 | 0.747 | 0.913 | <0.0001 | 0.90 | 0.803 | 0.999 | 0.048 |
| 1,000–2,999 | 0.95 | 0.910 | 0.999 | 0.046 | 0.988 | 0.947 | 1.051 | 0.937 |
| <1,000 | 1 | NA | NA | NA | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Education, n=656 | ||||||||
| Tertiary | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.95 | 0.004 | 0.91 | 0.804 | 1.028 | 0.128 |
| Primary and secondary | 0.96 | 0.879 | 1.057 | 0.437 | 0.99 | 0.895 | 1.084 | 0.759 |
| Never | 1 | NA | NA | NA | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Exercise, n=663 | ||||||||
| No | 0.97 | 0.916 | 1.028 | 0.309 | 0.99 | 0.932 | 1.049 | 0.705 |
| ≤3 times in a week | 0.92 | 0.870 | 0.982 | 0.011 | 0.98 | 0.915 | 1.040 | 0.452 |
| >3 times in a week | 1 | NA | NA | NA | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| OQOL, n=597 | 1.004 | 1.002 | 1.007 | 0.001 | 1.002 | 0.999 | 1.004 | 0.211 |
| DDS, n=639 | 0.997 | 0.996 | 0.999 | <0.0001 | 0.999 | 0.998 | 1.001 | 0.546 |
| PHQ, n=654 | 0.98 | 0.978 | 0.988 | <0.0001 | 0.988 | 0.981 | 0.994 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: Exp (B), odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OQOL, overall score for the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief 26 items; DDS, Diabetes Distress Scale 17 items; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items; NA, not applicable.