Table 4.
% Total resistance of expired / unexpired antibiotics (mg 5ml-1) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacterial species | Type | 1 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 10 | % MAR | % Multiple antibiotic resistance profiles |
E. coli [43] | E | 81.3 | 86.1 | 81.4 | 65.1 | 55.8 | 46.5 | 53.5 | 76.7 | 35.5-93.5 | 35.5 [1], 38.7 [2], 51.6 [1], 54.8 [1], 58.1 [4], 61.3 [1], 64.5 [4], 67.7 [7], 71.0 [4], 74.2 [4], 77.4 [3], 80.6 [6], 83. 9 [2], 87. 1 [1], 90.3 [1], 93.5 [1] |
U | 15.9 | 15.9 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 13.7 | 15.9 | 28.6-100 | 28.6 [4], 57.2 [2], 71.2 [2], 100 [2] | ||
K. pneumoniae [16] | E | 87.5 | 75.0 | 87.5 | 68.8 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 75.0 | 87.5 | 48.4-83.9 | 48.4 [1], 51.6 [1], 61.3 [1], 64.5 [1], 67.7 [1], 71.0 [1], 74.2 [1], 77.4 [1], 80.6 [2], 83.9 [3] |
U | 31.3 | 18.8 | 25.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 12.5 | 25.0 | 28.6-57.2 | 28.6 [2], 42.9 [2], 57.2 [2] | ||
Pr. mirabilis [12] | E | 58.4 | 75.0 | 83.3 | 66.6 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 75.0 | 75.0 | 19.4-93.5 | 19.4 [1], 45.2 [2], 48.4 [1], 64.5 [1], 71.0 [1], 74.2 [1], 80.6 [3], 93.5 [1] |
U | 25.0 | 25.0 | 41.7 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 41.7 | 41.7 | 28.6-100 | 28.6 [3], 57.2 [2], 71.4 [1], 100 [1] | ||
S. aureus [11] | E | 81.8 | 81.8 | 81.8 | 72.7 | 45.5 | 54.5 | 45.5 | 81.8 | 45.2-93.5 | 45.2 [1], 58.1 [1], 61.3 [1], 64.5 [1], 67.7 [2], 74.2 [1], 83.9 [2], 90.3 [1], 93.5 [1] |
U | 9.1 | 18.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 57.2 | 57.2 [1] | ||
Lactobacillus spp. [8]* | E | 75.0 | 37.5 | 100 | 62.5 | 37.5 | 50.0 | 62.5 | 75.0 | 45.2-93.5 | 45.2 [1], 48.4 [1], 51.6 [1], 61.3 [1], 77.4 [1], 80.6 [2], 93.5 [1] |
U | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 28.6 | 28.6 [1] |
Keys: 1 Throtal (erythromycin); 3 Zinnat (cefuroxime axetil); 4 Tambac (cefpodoxime proxetil); 5 Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim); 7 Loxaprim (cotrimoxazole); 8 Refucil (griseofulvin); 10 Loxagyl (metronidazole), 25=(erythromycin); E=expired; U=unexpired.=non-diarrhoeagenic bacterial species