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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2015 Mar 6;31(4):346–359. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2636

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Hormone levels at day 70 post- infection. On day 70 post-infection, blood was collected and processed as described earlier for cytokines. Leptin and insulin levels were determined using mouse leptin and insulin ELISA kits. Each bar represents the mean (+/ standard error of the mean) concentration in nanogramme per millilitre of each experimental group. (A) Insulin: infected mice had significantly lower insulin levels when compared with uninfected mice. (B) Leptin: infected mice had significantly lower leptin levels when compared with uninfected mice. High-fat diet-fed mice also had elevated leptin levels compared with mice on a regular diet, irrespective of metformin treatment.