Table 2. Toxicity pattern of FDA-approved anticancer drugs in the CAM model 48 hours post administration.
Drugs | Dose (μg/embryo) |
Log dose | No. of deaths embryo (n=10) |
No. of surviving embryo (n=10) |
Cumulative # | % of mortality |
% of survival |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Death | Survival | Total | |||||||
Cyclophosphamide | 400 | 2.6 | 9 | 1 | 18 | 1 | 19 | 94.7 | 5.3 |
125 | 2.1 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 69.2 | 30.8 | |
40 | 1.6 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 14.3 | 85.7 | |
Cisplatin | 48 | 1.68 | 10 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 100 | 0 |
15 | 1.18 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 80 | 20 | |
4.7 | 0.67 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 100 | |
Vincristine | 0.96 | –0.02 | 10 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 24 | 100 | 0 |
0.3 | –0.5 | 10 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 100 | 0 | |
0.096 | –1 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 40 | 60 | |
Carmustine | 120 | 2.08 | 9 | 1 | 17 | 1 | 18 | 94.4 | 5.6 |
37.5 | 1.57 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 57.1 | 42.9 | |
12 | 1.08 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 13 | 16 | 18.8 | 81.2 | |
Camptothecin | 30 | 1.48 | 9 | 1 | 18 | 1 | 19 | 94.7 | 5.3 |
9.4 | 0.97 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 60 | 40 | |
3 | 0.48 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 16 | 25 | 75 | |
Aloin | 200 | 2.3 | 7 | 3 | 17 | 3 | 20 | 85 | 15 |
62.6 | 1.8 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 9 | 19 | 52.6 | 47.4 | |
19.4 | 1.29 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 13 | 19 | 31.6 | 68.4 | |
Mitomycin-C | 16.6 | 1.22 | 7 | 3 | 14 | 3 | 17 | 82.4 | 17.6 |
5.2 | 0.72 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 46.7 | 53.3 | |
1.62 | 0.21 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 16 | 18 | 11.1 | 88.9 | |
Actinomycin-D | 0.006 | –2.22 | 9 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 20 | 95 | 5 |
0.002 | –2.69 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 66.7 | 33.3 | |
0.0006 | –3.22 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 15 | 26.7 | 73.3 | |
Melphalan | 31 | 1.49 | 8 | 2 | 17 | 2 | 19 | 89.5 | 10.5 |
9.7 | 0.99 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 14 | 64.3 | 35.7 | |
3 | 0.48 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 13 | 15 | 13.3 | 86.7 | |
Paclitaxel | 9.38 | 0.97 | 9 | 1 | 17 | 1 | 18 | 94.4 | 5.6 |
3 | 0.48 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 53.3 | 46.7 | |
0.92 | –0.04 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 13 | 17 | 23.5 | 76.5 |
# The formulae for calculating cumulative death / survival were those reported by Reed and Muench [33].