Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by randomization group
| Control group | PCT/Pyuria group | P value a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 64 | 61 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 75 (51–80) | 71 (44–81) | 0.65 |
| Females, n (%) | 52 (81%) | 43 (70%) | 0.16 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 4 (1-7) | 3 (0-6) | 0.20 |
| Clinical history, n (%) | |||
| Dysuria | 27 (42%) | 29 (48%) | 0.55 |
| Urinary urgency | 27 (43%) | 22 (36%) | 0.44 |
| Frequent urination | 23 (36%) | 24 (39%) | 0.69 |
| Flank pain | 20 (31%) | 21 (34%) | 0.71 |
| Clinical findings, median (IQR) | |||
| Confusion, n (%) | 16 (25%) | 13 (21%) | 0.63 |
| Body temperature, °C | 37.7 (36.9–38.6) | 38.2 (37.0–39.0) | 0.20 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 128 (110–145) | 120 (108–135) | 0.055 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 69 (60–80) | 70 (60–79) | 0.85 |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 16 (15–20) | 16 (14–18) | 0.18 |
| Laboratory findings, median (IQR) | |||
| Leukocyte count, × 109cells/L | 10.77 (7.83–14.34) | 12.28 (9.18–15.65) | 0.12 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 34 (9–142) | 44 (7–131) | 0.84 |
| PCT, μg/L | 0.20 (0.08–1.34) | 0.32 (0.11–1.32) | 0.68 |
| PCT ≥0.25 μg/L, n (%) | 29 (45%) | 33 (54%) | 0.33 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 100 (77–136) | 93 (74–117) | 0.60 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 6.5 (4.9–10.2) | 6.3 (4.6–9.3) | 0.64 |
| Bacteremic patients, n (%) | 19 (30%) | 9 (15%) | 0.045 |
| Final diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| Uncomplicated simple UTI | 6 (9%) | 2 (3%) | 0.36 |
| Complicated simple UTI | 12 (19%) | 16 (26%) | |
| Uncomplicated febrile UTI/pyelonephritis | 8 (13%) | 9 (15%) | |
| Complicated febrile UTI/pyelonephritis | 34 (53%) | 33 (54%) | |
| Other final diagnosisb | 4 (6%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Complicated UTI | 46 (72%) | 49 (80%) | 0.27 |
| Male patients | 12 (19%) | 18 (30%) | 0.16 |
| Patients older than or equal 70 years | 35 (55%) | 34 (56%) | 0.91 |
| Patients with symptoms longer than 7 days | 10 (16%) | 7 (12%) | 0.50 |
| Patients with antibiotic therapy in the last 30 days | 5 (8%) | 10 (16%) | 0.14 |
| Patients with diabetes | 16 (25%) | 8 (13%) | 0.092 |
| Patients with recurrent UTIs | 5 (8%) | 9 (15%) | 0.22 |
| Patients with urologic interventions in the last 30 days | 3 (5%) | 2 (3%) | 0.69 |
| Patients with anatomic abnormalities | 2 (3%) | 5 (8%) | 0.22 |
| Patients with immunosuppression | 0 | 2 (3%) | 0.14 |
| Patients from long-term healthcare facilities | 5 (8%) | 4 (7%) | 0.79 |
| Hospitalized patients, n (%) | 45 (70%) | 45 (74%) | 0.67 |
aχ2 test for categorical variables, 2-sample t-test for continuous variables.
bProstatitis (n = 2), infected kidney cyst (n = 1), endocarditis (n = 1), fibromyalgia syndrome (n = 1).
IQR, Interquartile range; y, Years.