Table 7.
Microbiological and clinical outcome 30 days after enrollment
| n (%) | Control group | PCT/Pyuria group | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (intention-to-treat) | (n = 64) | (n = 61) | |||
| Missing urinalysis | 10/64 (16%) | 9/61 (13%) | 0.93 | 0.35–2.48 | 0.89 |
| Missing urine cultures | 14/64 (22%) | 11/61 (18%) | 0.79 | 0.33–1.90 | 0.59 |
| Sterile urine cultures | 19/50 (38%) | 8/50 (16%) | 0.31 | 0.12–0.80 | 0.02 |
| Contaminated urine cultures b | 20/50 (40%) | 26/50 (52%) | 1.63 | 0.74–3.59 | 0.23 |
| Urine cultures with pathogen c | 11/50 (22%) | 16/50 (32%) | 1.67 | 0.68–4.08 | 0.26 |
| Colonizations | 3/50 (6%) | 3/49 (6%) | 1.02 | 0.20–5.33 | 0.98 |
| Infectionsd | 8/50 (16%) | 13/49 (27%) | 1.90 | 0.71–5.09 | 0.20 |
| Symptomatic infections | 2/50 (4%) | 3/49 (6%) | 1.57 | 0.25–9.80 | 0.63 |
| Persistence of initial pathogen c | 6/50 (12%) | 8/48 (17%) | 1.47 | 0.47–4.59 | 0.51 |
| Persistent colonizations | 1/50 (2%) | 1/47 (2%) | 1.07 | 0.06–17.53 | 0.97 |
| Persistent infectionsd | 5/50 (10%) | 7/47 (15%) | 1.58 | 0.46–5.36 | 0.47 |
| Persistent symptomatic infectionsd | 2/50 (4%) | 2/47 (4%) | 1.07 | 0.14–7.90 | 0.95 |
| New organism c | 5/50 (10%) | 6/48 (13%) | 1.29 | 0.37–4.53 | 0.70 |
| Colonizations | 2/50 (4%) | 2/47 (4%) | 1.07 | 0.14–7.90 | 0.95 |
| Infectionsd | 3/50 (6%) | 4/47 (9%) | 1.46 | 0.31–6.89 | 0.64 |
| Symptomatic infectionsd | 0 | 0 | |||
| n (%) | Control group | PCT/Pyuria group | |||
| Total no. of isolates e | 17 | 22 | |||
| Gram-negative uropathogen | |||||
| Escherichia coli | 5/17 (29%) | 7/22 (32%) | |||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 2/17 (12%) | 1/22 (5%) | |||
| Citrobacter koseri | 1/17 (6%) | 1/22 (5%) | |||
| Enterobacter cloacae | 0 | 1/22 (5%) | |||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0 | 1/22 (5%) | |||
| Gram-positive uropathogen | |||||
| Enterococcus faecalis | 5/17 (29%) | 9/22 (41%) | |||
| Enterococcus faecium | 1/17 (6%) | 0 | |||
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus | 0 | 1/22 (5%) | |||
| Group B Streptococci | 1/17 (6%) | 0 | |||
| Non-uropathogen | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 1/17 (6%) | 0 | |||
| Coagulase-negative staphylococcib | 0 | 1/22 (5%) | |||
| Lactobacillus speciesb | 1/17 (6%) | 1/22 (5%) | |||
| Streptococcus milleri | 0 | 1/22 (5%) |
aLogistic regression analysis.
bLactobacillus species and Coagulase-negative staphylococci were considered as contaminants.
cIn case of missing initial urine culture (n = 2 in the PCT/Pyuria group) any uropathogen was not attributed to persistent or new organism group.
dInfection was assumed if pyuria (>20 leukocytes/μL) was present in concomitant urinalysis.
eTwo isolates in nine cultures.