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. 2015 May 12;5:10093. doi: 10.1038/srep10093

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Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Fluorescence images (A) of physiologically relevant concentrations of PpIX in phantoms was imaged using the smartphone setup shown in Fig. 5. Analysis using a custom routine developed via MATLAB image processing toolbox used to calculate concentration-dependent fluorescent intensity (B) In (B) the linear dependence of fluorescence signal over is shown (R² = 0.9391) and 95% confidence interval (grey shading) are shown in (C) ALA treated (left) and control (right) A431 aggregate samples, imaged with smart phone imaging setup (top) and with normal lab lighting (white light, bottom). The visual contrast between ALA-treated and untreated tissue becomes clear when imaged via fluorescence. (D) Differential PpIX fluorescence emission of control and ALA treated centimetre-sized A431 aggregates, obtained using the smartphone-imaging setup is highly significant (p < 10^–7).