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. 2015 May 12;6:356. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00356

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Copyright © 2015 Liebner, Ganzert, Kiss, Yang, Wagner and Svenning.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Location of the study site in northern Norway in Finnmark county (top left), schematic cross section of a palsa (top right) modified from (Seppälä, 1986), and illustration of the sample sites. (A) Previous collapsed palsa site (CP) which has undergone permafrost degradation. (B) Thermokarst pond (TP) structures adjacent to currently degrading palsas (DP), and (C) DP. Note the changes in vegetation along palsa degradation and succession. Sphagnum riparium typically occurs in pioneer sites with constantly waterlogged conditions while Sphagnum lindbergii typically occurs at more stable sites with fluctuating water table.